We now study prayers to Hermes in the PGM VII that somewhat resemble that prayer in PGM V studied above. the PGM VII.664-85 writes a spell for obtaining dream revelations, and here is said seven times to the lamp the spell that is prayer to Hermes Hermes, lord of the world who’re in the heart O circle of Selene, spherical And square, the founder of words of speech Pleader of Justice’s cause, garbed in a mantle, with golden sandals, turning airy course beneath earth’s depths, who hold the spirit’s reins the sun’s and who with lamps of gods immortal Give joy to those beneath earth’s depths, to mortals (Trl. E.N. O’Neil) This prayer to Hermes is much similar to the prayer in PGM V. This spell is, however, said to lamp in requesting oracle, although in PGM V is central the figurine of Hermes that apparently was installed in figurine of a boat. And in PGM VII.540-578 is recorded also a lamp divination where was recited spell to Hermes Trismegistos who is asked to appear. During the current study we have discussed already some notices of cult of Asclepios, and thus we also notice that in PGM VII.628-42 is ritual of Asclepios of Memphis, or Imhotep, who is here also connected with the pole star (the Bear). Philo of Alexandria in some writings writes also KEERUSSEIN and KEERUGMA, to denote official proclamations. In the Conf 197 Philo notices TOUTOON GAR SKEDASTHENTOON OI PALAI PEFEUGOTES TEEN TURANNIDA TEES AFROSUNEES ENI KEERUGMATI KATHODON EUREESOUSI GRAPSANTOS TE KAI BEBAIOOSANTOS THEOU TO KEERUGMA OOS DEELOUSIN OI KHREESMOI EN OIS DIEIREETAI OTI EAN E E DIASPORA SOU AP’ AKROU TOU OURANOU EOOS AKROU TOU OURANOU EKEITHEN SUNAKSEI SE (Deut 30:4). Philo notices here how those since much time fugitives for tyranny of foolishness, anyhow in one proclamation find chance to return, thus when God writes and guarantees the proclamation that the Oracles write, then quoting Deut 30:4. In this treatise Confusione 75-83 Philo much in detail discusses how wise men are called sojourners PAROIKOUNTES and how they establish settlements coming from their heavenly homes DIA TOUTO OI KATA MOUSEN SOFOI PANTES EISAGONTAI PAROIKOUNTES AI GAR TOUTOON PSUKHAI STELLONTAI MEN APOIKIAN DEE POTE TEEN EKS OURANOU. The treatise Confusione Linguarum is lengthy interpretation of Genesis 11:1-9, the episode of building the tower and thereafter occurred scattering of men around earth. In the Conf 174 Philo notices AGGELOI, much similarly with his writings in de Gigantibus concerning angels, or envoys. And Agric 112, 117 notices with KEERUGMA public honorary announcements for victors of contests. Thus is also in Somn 1:130 described, interpreting the ENARKESE TO PLATOS (Gen 32:25). And in Fuga 20 Philo interprets Gen 31:27 EI ANEGGEILAS MOI, EKSAPESTEILA AN SE noticing then how to some people liberty was proclaimed ELEUTHERIAN ALLOIS EKEERUTTES. Many writings of Philo are often difficult interpretations and intriguing Platonising allegories; but the Embassy to Gaius aims at much historiography and some accurate description of events and beliefs. Thus we find in this Legatio descriptions how the emperor Gaius in different occasions could appear donned in garbs of different then worshipped deities. Legatio 94 notices how Gaius could appear in garb of Hermes, and here Philo describes some details of garb of Hermes and clarifies much. Then he donned in Hermes’ staffs, sandals and mantles (KEERUKEIOIS KAI PEDILOIS KAI KHLAMUSIN ENSKEUAZOMENOS). Philo then in Legatio 99 interprets meaning of these symbolic garments, the winged sandals of Hermes symbolise OTI PROSEEKEI TON ERMENEA KAI PROFEETEEN TOON THEIOON AF’ OU KAI ERMEES ONOMASTAI, TA AGATHA DIAGGELLONTA. And Philo explains meaning of the Staff of Hermes in Legatio 100 PALIN KERUKEION ANALAMBANEI DEIGMA SUMBATERIOON SPONDOON POLEMOI GAR ANOKHAS KAI DIALUSEIS LAMBANOUSI DIA KEERUKOON EIREENEEN KATHISTAMENOON. Here is described how wars cease and end when KEERUKS heralds may mediate peace. Important is to notice that in Decalogo 54 Philo notices how people called earth, heavens and stars with different names in their worship; thus was earth called with titles Kore, Demeter or Pluto; and here Philo presents a lengthy list of such religious traditions. This is important also for better comprehending the Spell to Hermes in PGM 5 that above was discussed. Interestingly, thus, Philo here notices that with name Hermes was called “the glistener” or “the flash” like flash of lightning, in stating KALOUSI GAR…KAI STILBONTA HERMEN. (In Biblical Greek this word is rare, Mark 9:3 thus describing the shining clothes of exalted Jesus KAI TA IMATIA AUTOU EGENETO STILBONTA LEUKA LIAN where LXX Ezekiel 40:3 is worth remembering. And LXX Ezekiel 21:15, 20 and 33 write that STILBO. Already we have noticed here description of TB snake staff in Hebrew Bible writing of TB-H TB-H HWHDH LMYN HJH LH BRQ MRTH AW NSJS SBT (Shabbath staff) BNJ MAST KL YZ so that such composition of two living TB snakes also makes BRQ lightning- thus is noticed Shabbath snake staff that makes fire (AS) to all kinds of wood (Ezek 21:15 in Hebrew Bible), thus is indeed noticed how Shabbath snake staff makes fire- and importantly, Septuagint translation of this Ezekiel 21 thus emphasises writing of STILBO “glistening” or “flashing” (21:15,20,33)- we thus understand that in Biblical Greek tradition such STILBO notices the snake staff SHABBATH that makes flashing or sparkling, thus kindles fire. Philo of Alexandria was very learned in Greek Biblical traditions, and we can be sure that Philo remembered also such Greek Ezekiel translation when writing this (in his writings STILBO is rare); however, mostly are references found only to books of the Torah. Thus we understand Philo’s saying in Decal 54 KAI STILBONTA HERMEN so that Philo thereby describes how Hermes could kindle fire with his snake staff. (Apparently such staff was equipped with some flints, or more advanced methods of kindling, e.g. sulphur resembling even recently used technology in matches). (Worth remembering is also 1 Macc 6:39 OOS DE ESTILBEN O HEELIOS EPI TAS KHRUSAS KAI KHALKAS ASPIDAS ESTILBEN TA OREE AP’ AUTOON KAI KATEUGASEN OOS LAMPADES PUROS where in Biblical Greek in times very near to Philo, STILBO is written in sentence where fiery lamps LAMPADES PUROS are also noticed. For Philo’s writings, such almost contemporary writing is apparently very important). Indeed, in the Loeb translation writes Colson in footnote more commentary for rendering STILBO, commenting translation “the glitterer Hermes” with words “or ‘sparkler,’ ‘twinkler’” (LCL Philo VII, p.34). Importantly, Colson has considered also rendering “sparkler” in his writing- and now we make more interpretation in such style, noticing STILBO in 1 Macc 6:39 and LXX of Ezekiel 21. Thus is quite worth also noticing the spell to Hermes in Greek Magical Papyri (see above) in PGM 5.406ff noticed (HERME KOSMOKRATOR, ENKARDIE, KUKLE SELENEES…LAMPASI TERPOON TOUS HUPO TARTARA GAIEES TE BROTOUS BION EKTELESANTAS where the LAMPASI TERPOON not only notices bringing rejoicing with lamps, but also that Hermes may “STRP” or STILBO give spark and kindle lamps- and thus, of course, bring rejoicing to many. Importantly notable is the “Hermes’ ring” in PGM 5.213-303 writing HERMOU DAKTULIOS KANTHAROU POIEESIS LABOON KANTHARON GEGLUMMENON; this “Hermes’ ring is ritual of KANTHAROS cup, taking a engraved cup; here the word POIEESISLABOON almost contains the STILBOON, so that this ritual of Hermes’ ring notices kindling a cup KANTHAROS. (We also learn that this KANTHAROS cup should be a piece of stone, engraved of a greenish stone GLUMMA KANTHAROU EIS LITHON SMARAGDON POLUTELEE GLUPSON KANTHARON in 5.240ff (regrettably, here translation by Morton Smith in Ed. Betz does not present this interesting statement in the beautiful clarity)). (Also worth remembering is that ZALE indeed notices surging of sea and spraying, and e.g. fiery rain from volcano could be noticed PURPNOOS ZALE- this also emphasising the STILBOO in meaning of “sparkle”- not merely “glisten” or “glitter”.) Chapter Ten. The NAHAS Snake Ornaments of the First Temple We read in 1 Kings 7 important descriptions of details of decorations of the First Temple, built by Solomon. We shall see that actually this Temple was amply decorated with precious snake and cobra ornaments. Also it is specially important to notice that 1 Kings 6:13 specifies that chief designer of this Temple was Hiram of Tyre, this emphasises also cultural connections, because this Hiram certainly therefore mastered many of technologies then practised in Tyre and building guilds of Tyre, and probably Hiram also much knew of the designs to be decorated in the Temple, so that the Temple could look specially precious and “fashionable”. We see that many decorations in the Temple were snake and cobra ornaments. We begin noticing the two pillars in the Temple, described in 1 Kings 7:15 stating that WJZR AT SNJ HYMWDJM NHST SMNH YSRH AMH QWMH HYMWD HAHD WHWT STJM YSRH AMH JSB AT HYMWD HSNJ Here are described two NHS snake decorated Pillars of the Temple, each pillar being eighteen cubits high. And here is noticed HWT JSB AT around both Pillars. This is apparently a snake form garland winding around those both Pillars- in this Chapter JSB and SBJB are often describing the decorations of this Temple, these noticing something that is winding around, such as garlands and some snake style decorations. Worth noticing is that these words specifically write Hebrew JSBAT HYMWD where apparent reference to SBT and Shabbath is clear, these words describing how the decoration garland was JSB winding around the Pillar. Specifically, there was the HWT winding around these two pillars. What was this HWT garland more specifically? For this ancient time of Solomon important is to remember that NHTYT is Egyptian name for the Victorious Cobra; remembering this NHTYT is generally quite important in reading many descriptions of serpents in Old Testament, because there NHS is the usual noun for serpents and snakes- although in many texts the NHS apparently has lost its specific reference to this Egyptian Cobra and merely became more usual Biblical designation of serpents and snakes. (One reality of seafaring is that even in Talmudic times NHT JMA noticed those coming down, specifically SEAFARERS (see J 894), this being one important mention of symbolism of seafaring with dragon boats, such noticed even in thus much later parlance of Talmudic times). We comprehend here reference to Pillar around which snake garland was winding; and apparently such decoration could pompously manifest and symbolise the presence of the Holy Snake Staff in the Temple of Solomon. Also such description is written concerning the molten sea in 7:23 WQWH SLSJM BAMH JSB ATW SBJB and in following 7:24. I hope this Book has been interesting for Readers, providing much learning, ideas and more studies. END OF VERRE ET BIBLE FOURTEEN. by Pasi K Pohjala Feb2013.

VERRE ET BIBLE FIFTEEN Where is Your Jerusalem? By Pasi K Pohjala January 28, 2013 (part 2/2) Jerusalem; but in this context especially the remarkable name MAHER SHALAL HAZ BAZ being MHRSLLH alerts Readers to consider also matters of harbours whose waters also are silent. In this notorious name MAHER-SHALAL-HAZ-BAZ would thus be possibly referred to harbours whose waters are silent and calm. We now consider descriptions in Ezek 36:2 HAH WBMWT YWLM LMWRSH HJTH LNW We notice here written MWRSH that vocalised is quite similar to the MURSAHA that in Surat HUD denotes a harbour; and this statement write of Bamot Olam. Usually this is rendered with “ancient high places”- but in the society of Israel and legitimate places of worship, such BAMOT had really central status- the BAMOT were anciently in Israel legitimate altars, legitimate places of worship. Marcus Jastrow concisely summarises this now really important detail “Bamah, name of the legitimate altars prior to, and of the illegitimate after, the establishment of a central sanctuary (at Shiloh) and of the Temple at Jerusalem” (Jastrow 176). However, now we in the current study are questioning the meaning of “Jerusalem” and arguing that “Jerusalem” is noun designating ancient harbours and safe anchorages, rather than being name of only one ancient city. Bamot high places are of course usually considered having been established only in hills. But now we comprehend TRANSLATION: HAA! For us were ancient BAMOT sanctuaries in Harbours! (Translation Pasi K Pohjala 2013) This statement of Ezekiel 36:2 thus increases our comprehension of the structure of old Israelite harbours MURSAHA- there was usually BAMOT “high place” sanctuary. (Hereby I am not suggesting that Bamot high places sanctuaries were located only in harbours; rather these apparently ancient lighthouse edifices were found in harbours and in important places around country for guiding travellers with their lights; more detailed discussion of importance of lighthouses and such tower edifices for ancient Israelite navigating and directing routes across land is in my recent Commentary of Book of Malachi, also in Verre et Bible series, published recently in December 2012 and rapidly becoming increasingly popular already now in beginning of year 2013! I acknowledge that I am really encouraged for Readers’ ever increasing interest and thus I, Pasi K Pohjala, pledge to powerfully and effectively continue my progressing publishing of Biblical Studies, to so much rejoicing of many Readers! With much thankfulness: apparently the VEB Verre et Bible publishing Series of my Biblical studies is increasingly becoming VIP). But HERE in Ezekiel 36:2 we find noticed ancient BAMOT sanctuaries in MURSAHA harbours. Importantly, language in this context is very clearly describing ancient harbours. Thus we read here in Ezek 36:3 JYN BJYN SMWT WSAP ATKM MSBJB LHJWTKM MWRSH LSARJT HGWJM Here is written concerning the MURSAHA and that it is placed amidst waves swallowed all around (SAP, and YN can notice wallowing); this is realistic description of a harbour place in coastal line beside swallowing waves of the high seas. This is nice description of MURSAHA harbour in ancient Israel, and notice of ancient BAMOT (sg. BAMA) sanctuary in this harbour (apparently some taller tower like edifice in the harbour, like a lighthouse); and notice how this harbour was from all sides swallowed up amidst waves. Also we read in Ezekiel 11 statement written of Jerusalem and Mursaha, reading 11:14ff that “Then the word of the Lord came to me: “O mortal, your brothers, your brothers, the men of your kindred, all of that very house of Israel (KL BJT JSRAL KLH) to whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem (JSBJ JRWSLM) say, ‘Keep far from the Lord; the land has been given as a heritage to us (LNW HJA NTNH HARZ LMWRSH)” (Tanakh translation) This is interesting statement that in the vocabulary of Ezekiel much specifies his statements concerning Israel, Jerusalem and MURSAHA. Clearly in this statement are very importantly “Jerusalem” and “MURSAHA” actually identified. Here is recorded saying of the “inhabitants of Jerusalem” maintaining that the area concerned had been given to them as MURSAHA. Importantly, MURSAHA is clearly here presented as some area or place (ARZ), it is not something abstract such as money, and “Jerusalem” is here apparently presented also as place noticing the inhabitants of “Jerusalem”. Thus is actually the meaning of “Jerusalem” explained with the term MURSAHA, that is: this statement indeed presents “Jerusalem” as old noun that designates harbours. Also is notable that this context in prophesy of Ezekiel 11-12 really specifically notices matters concerning with seafaring. This statement notices namely AHJK AHJK ANSJ GALTK, Tanakh translation noticing “your brothers, your brothers, the men of your kindred”, and the word GALTK is here especially noteworthy in THIS context of Ezekiel 11-12. Boat construction is clearly described in the following 12:3 with GL words, stating WATH BN ADM YSH LK KLJ GWLH WGLH JWMM LYJNJHM WGLJT MMQWMK; I have recently discussed also this description of old seafaring in my Commentary Nahum)). Thus is more understandable here stated “Say then: Thus said the Lord God: I have indeed removed them far among the nations and have scattered them among the countries, and I have become to them a diminished sanctity (Miqdash- “sanctuary”) in the countries whither they have gone” (Tanakh translation Ezekiel 11:16) This statement of Ezekiel 11 describes notoriously the situation of people scattered around, among different countries and different folks: God Himself has become to them small Sanctuary (AHJ LHM LEMIQDASH MYT BARZWT ASR BAW SM). With this description it is really understandable that “Jerusalem” is here in Ezek 11:14ff actually identified with the MURSAHA place (harbour or safe haven). We read some more descriptions also in Psalm 61. I have in my preceding Commentary of Mikhtam Psalms 56-60 more discussed the notorious details of vision production (MIKHTAM and Greek rendering STEELOGRAFIA) described in those Psalms. However, Psalm 61 is NOT a Mikhtam Psalm- in this Mikhtam Psalm genre are reckoned Old Testament Psalms 56-60 and 16 where the MIKHTAM is noticed; and the theme “Jerusalem” or MWRSH is in the Mikhtam Psalms not important. Furthermore, the Psalm 62 is Psalm of Jeduthun and has certain importance in the histories of Obadiah and Temple Musicians, and this Psalm 62 has been therefore somewhat discussed in my recent Commentary to Book of Obadiah. Neither Psalm 62 discusses “Jerusalem”. Now we consider some details in Psalm 61 that are clearly important for current discussion concerning MURSAHA and “Jerusalem”. Ideologically is noteworthy that in this Psalm 61 is apparently emphasised matters concerning to seafaring KJ ATH ALHJM SMYT LNDRJ NTT JRST JRAJ SMK JMJM YL JMJ MLK TWSJP SNWTJW KMW DR WDR We can read the JMJM YL JMJ being from JAM “sea” even if translations prefer to read here the JOM “day” (this is one of the famous and actually quite often occurring puns of reading Hebrew Bible). Recognising this apparent detail notices in this statement strongly matters concerning seafaring. We thus notice that NTT JRST JRAJ SMK describing how God has given JRSH HARBOUR to those who honour his name, those from Seas; and here is also noticed that God has enthroned a king over the seas. Also is worth noticing the Hebrew word TNHNJ that is form with sg.1 suffix (NJ) and formed of NH; the apparent reference to NH or NOAH clearly refers Readers to attentively here consider matters of seafaring, especially when JAM seas clearly here are discussed. Actually quite nice description of piers is here alluded to in writing of “ends of the earth” in the meaning that quite concretely indeed piers of harbours are “ends of earth”; here Psalm 61:3 writes of MQZH HARZ. This sentences namely also notices TWP floating, and the BBZWR notices also such places that are surrounded by bars, such as balconies (or piers, see Jastrow 183). Thus are in this Psalm 61 interestingly noticed seas and harbours JRSH. Important seafaring traditions are written in Isaiah 33-34, and we now notice first Isa 33:21 and 34:1 stating “for there the Lord in his greatness shall be for us like a region of rivers, of broad streams, where no floating vessel can sail and no mighty craft can travel (BL TLK BW ANJ SWT WZJ ADJR LA JYBRNW) - their ropes are slack, they cannot steady the sockets of their masts, they cannot spread a sail…approach, O nations, and listen, give heed O peoples! Let the earth and those in it hear, the world (WMLAH TBL) and what it brings forth” (the Tanakh translation). Here is the TBL importantly written in description of floating vessels. The Isa 33:8 also emphasises words of rising, QWM and RWM and the 33:10 notices TEBEL here in Isaiah. And in this discussion Isaiah writes of Jerusalem in words “Your eyes shall behold Jerusalem as a secure homestead (YJNJK TRJAJNH JRWSLM NWH SANN) A tent not to be transported, whose pegs shall never be pulled up, and none of whose ropes shall break” (Tanakh translation) Readers comprehend that thus is Jerusalem here connected to NOAH traditions, thus to the Biblical traditions of seafaring, in writing of this NWH; and the SANN also refers to the ANJH noun, usual word in Hebrew for ships and boats. What is, then, such notable tent AHL edifice? Apparently here is described a tent like edifice where boat was resting (NH) in the landing place, and this harbour place with this boatshed tent edifice is here called “Jerusalem”. Also in important seafaring description in Ezekiel 27 we find interesting references to floating. The Ezekiel 27:28 writes namely in Hebrew Bible that LQWL ZYQT HBLJK JRYSW MGRSWT In the current Study we here below shall more notice these emphasised RS words JRYSW MGRSWT, that they are important words of seafaring life that describe how boats are in anchorage tossing and shaking much (RYS), so well known for every sailor, and the MGRSWT noticing the safe anchorages and safe harbours (cf. Mursaha in Surat HUD and Mersa coastal harbour cities- for more discussion, see below). Here we notice LQWL ZYQT HBLJK where also THB is written, somewhat appropriately with word HBL noticing these captains, they apparently being important for keeping boats and ships afloat. Below we shall comment the SYR word of tossing and shaking with “Following the Tanakh translation we then question HOW such isles and islands might tremble or quake? Obvious answer of course is that they look somehow like seen from a boat- seen from the quaking boat the islands indeed seem quite much trembling (even if the islands themselves are strong and stable), the quaking and tossing of those islands is caused by the quaking of place of observer, that the islands are Also in Haggaj 2:6-7 is important detail that RYS words in Old Testament notice Harbours and safe havens; thus “Jerusalem” is not name for one city but old noun for safe harbours. We study now details of Haggaj 2:6-7, especially the Hebrew RYS word; and thus we comment that very large and important question of Old Testament study, namely question concerning meaning of the numerous RYS words in Hebrew Bible. We shall notice that often also these RYS words importantly notice anchorage, safe havens and safe harbours. In Quran we remember the Sura HUD where the safe anchorage is noticed MURSAHA. Thus we even more consider that quite big question of Biblical research, to what extent Old Testament and especially Apocrypha of Old Testament describe reality of ancient maritime empire. Of course Readers much consider that mostly Old Testament describes events in ancient times in the area that we currently know as Palestine (or Israel), and many happenings generally in regions of modern areas of Jordania, Syria, Egypt and especially Lebanon. But we shall see that notoriously much Old Testament describes reality of such regime and rule that was a naval trade empire, stretching from East to West. Thus one important detail is that we notice reality typical of such naval empires- and thus are questions of harbours and safe havens of very big importance. The current writer Pasi K Pohjala also recently has discussed previously question of distant ancient trade settlements and trade voyages between these trade stations in discussing writings of the GOLA in Old Testament. Usually is GOLA seen as quite hapless and unhappy exile, and pious are looking forward to divine help to gather together pious from such utterly wretched situation. But I have recently put forward important argumentation in the tradition that comprehends such GOLA rather as description of reality of maritime trade empire whose trade posts and trade settlements are located in distant areas and much of activity of that regime is concerning the successful voyages between these settlements, so that trade, commerce and cultural exchange are reality. Now we more study the question of HARBOURS in Old Testament, studying RYS words in Old Testament Now we more study the question of HARBOURS in Old Testament, studying RYS words in Old Testament, also in Haggaj 2:6-7. We notice the currently understood usual lexical meanings of RYS words (and some similar words) in Hebrew Bible. Marcus Jastrow translates RYS with “to tremble, be in commotion, rage” and the Hifil as “to shake, disturb”. And Marcus Jastrow notices the noun RYS with “commotion, earthquake” (p. 1489). Everyone who has been in a boat or travelled in a smaller ship well knows how much these are shaking and are trembling. Boats and ships in anchorage especially much are shaking and are in disturbance. And the BDB (that is fundamentally continuing and developing the Gesenius) notices the RYS “quake, shake” and “tremble, quake, toss rage (of sea)” (BDB 950). It is now really important to notice that the BDB that is based on Gesenius and is thereby developed during generations of Biblical scholars here indeed notices RYS ALSO as “toss, rage (of sea)”. this important notice of RYS having circumstance in seafaring and seas is now noticed as actually quite usual in Old Testament, so that RYS quite often notices trembling and quaking on seas, amidst waves, and importantly, also in the situation that boat or ship is anchored in a harbour. In the Ezekiel 27:28 we read LQWL ZYQT HBLK JRYSW MGRSWT “at the outcry of your pilots the billows shall heave” (Tanakh) Thus is noticed a kind of strong cry from captains and that then in MGRSWT areas shall be quaking. The RYS word is here explicit describing situation of seafaring, and thus it is in these widely received translations such as Tanakh rendered. The Septuagint tradition indeed translates here the HBL as KUBERNEETAI. And description of circumstances of harbours and naval affairs is important also in Ezekiel 26:15 that in Hebrew Bible states of TYRE that KH AMR ADNJ JHWH LZWR HLA MQWL MPLTK BANQ HLL BHRG HRG BTWKK JRYSW HAJJM “Thus said the Lord God to Tyre: The coastlands shall quake at the sound of your downfall, when the wounded groan, when slaughter is rife within you” (Tanakh) The word AJJM also may be translated as islands or isles (see BDB)- thus is noticed the RYS doing and AJJM isles and islands that clearly thus specifies RYS being importantly relevant also in context of maritime culture and seafaring. Following the Tanakh translation we then question HOW such isles and islands might tremble or quake? Obvious answer of course is that they look somehow like seen from a boat- seen from the quaking boat the islands indeed seem quite much trembling (even if the islands themselves are strong and stable), the quaking and tossing of those islands is caused by the quaking of place of observer, that the islands are seen from a boat or ship that is in midst of sea quaking and tossing. And thus Ezekiel 26:18 concludes that YTH JHRDW HAJN JWM MPLTK WNBHLW HAJJM ASR BJM MZATK “now shall the coastlands tremble on the day of your downfall and the coastlands by the sea be terrified at your end” (Tanakh). Also interesting notices are in the following prophecy concerning Tyre in Ezekiel 27 where the 27:4-5 notice “your frontiers were on the high seas, your builders perfected your beauty. From cypress trees of Senir they fashioned your planks;they took a cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for you” (Tanakh) BLB JMJM GBWLJK BNJK KLW JPJK BRWSJM MSNJR BNW LK AT KL LHTJM ARZ MLBNWN LQHW LYSWT TRN YLJK This prophesy is concerning Tyre, the important ancient naval centrum. Appropriately thus is noticed BLB JMJM GBWLJK, that the frontiers of Tyre were on seas. And then we notice in Hebrew stated BNJK KLW JPJK BRWSJM and ask what, then, is this BRWSJM. Preceding words BLB JMJM GBWLJK refer clearly to situation or place beside high sea, that is, harbour. Thus we now render this BNJK KLW JPJK BRWSJM so that this statement refers to RWS HARBOUR, thus rendering that “your builders perfected your beauty IN THE HARBOUR”. Of course, this is really appropriate description of that ancient famous flourishing Tyre, appraisal of that magnificent beautiful harbour of Tyre. Now the BDB translating tradition, of course, does render this BRS as denoting cypress or fir (BDB 141) but there also acknowledging that the specific meaning of BRS root is, however, unknown. We notice that even if BRS in some statement indeed notices cypress or fir trees, attentive Readers of Hebrew Bible shall specifically notice the B-RS where the meaning of noun RS (or RYS) is central; THUS reading now B-RS we indeed find reference here to the RS harbour and can thus render here IN THE HARBOUR. This is of course specially appropriate because this statement immediately before writes of place being the frontier beside the high seas- and harbour is exactly such place, built by builders. Then this statement continues noticing that plank structures in that harbour were of planks from Senir; and structures of poles and masts were of poles of cedar trees. We now observe here in Ezekiel 27:4-5 written BLB JMJM GBWLJK BNJK KLW JPJK BRWSJM we notice that apparently here is written of area beside the coast, so that the RWS here designates the harbour of Tyre, that truly famous ancient naval centrum, Thus we compare this apparent statement with writing in the Ezekiel 27:28-29 that LQWL ZYQT HBLJK JRYSW MGRSWT WJRDW MANJWTJHM KL TPSJ MSWT MLHJM KL HBLJ HJM AL HARZ JYMDW Here is described clearly how seamen and captains come to land from their ships. Apparently that area MGRSWT where this happens is usually designated as “harbour”, and I thus present slightly emended form of Tanakh translation (emendation in capital letters) “At the outcry of your pilots TREMBLE THE HARBOURS (MIGROSOT) and all the oarsmen and mariners, all pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships And stand on the ground” (Ezekiel 27:28-29) Apparently coming to land from ships occurs in harbours: thus in this statement we have really obvious description of harbour MIGRASA in this prophesy concerning Tyre. We have now noticed in numerous Old Testament writings that the R-S word MURSAHA indeed in many statements there refers to harbours and safe anchorages. Now we consider some writings of word MGRS (Migrash) that is in Old Testament quite often and well defined part of many cities, word used in apparently well defined meaning in Old Testament. This word is in current translation tradition usually rendered as “common-land” or “open land” (BDB 177), but apparently this tradition more reflects considerations of cities located inlands. However, when we realise that some (or many) cities noticed in Old Testament may have actually been located in coastal areas, Readers surely ask how Biblical statements might then tell of the harbour of such coastal cities. Answer is now that current Bible translation much less considers questions of harbours because of the assumption that there described cities were inland cities. Here noticed quite many descriptions of RS words and Mursaha words noticing apparently harbours, also constructed and developed harbours, importantly lead Readers to consider that actually the MIGRAS city part noticed in Old Testament may have been in some (or in many texts) the HARBOUR of that city. We shall now see that indeed some MIGRASH statements in Old Testament clearly are descriptions of HARBOURS of cities. Thus we consider more statements in Old Testament. We consider more statements in Isaiah 57. There are RS words mentioned interestingly in Isaiah 57:20 writing “the wicked are like the troubled sea which cannot rest; whose waters toss up mire and mud. There is no safety, said my God, for the wicked” (Tanakh) Thus we consider this statement in Hebrew Bible writing that BWRA NWB SPTJM SLWM SLWM LRHWQ WLQRWB AMR JHWH WRPATJW WHRSYJM KJM NGRS KJ HSQT LA JWKL WJGRSW MJMJW RPS WTJT (57:19-20) This statement in Hebrew Bible writes of GRS (of form NGRS) and RSYJM, and the modern translation clearly acknowledges that indeed here is written concerning seafaring and sailing and seas. We easily notice that RS words noticing harbours and anchorages in Hebrew Bible are there quite usually written clearly in this meaning, in many statements and in many books of Hebrew Bible. This is especially important to notice; merely some occurrences could still be regarded as belonging to style and special vocabulary of a particular book or prophesy. Merely some scattered examples of RS words designating harbours and anchorages and safe havens could also be thought as occurring for merely referring to suspect practises of older cultures or cultures surrounding, presented thus mostly for purpose of criticism. Thus the task in the current study was to show that RS words designating harbours and anchorages in Hebrew Bible indeed occur in many books and by many authors and prophesies, AND that these RS words thus describe and name the OWN culture and practises of the culture and religion of these writers and prophets. With this argumentation we then described to the Readers that indeed in Hebrew Bible RS words in many statements and in many descriptions and prophesies do occur as positive description of the culture of these prophets and the Biblical religion. This is to say, in these statements the prophets and writers thus were describing everyday life of their societies and practises of their culture and religion, their OWN practises of seafare and harbours, anchorages and safe havens. We now especially remember that the region of Palestine was from the times ancient indeed very famous for their seafaring. Tyre and Sidon little north of the area of modern Palestine were in ancient world enormously famous for their seafaring, their seafaring in the whole Mediterranean region and even beyond. Remember well that the famous ancient sea god in Hellenistic world is POSEIDON whose name unmistakably to everyone referred to SIDON, that enormous centrum of ancient seafaring; and worth is remembering that POSEIDON actually had established status as one patron of ancient polis ATHENS. Ancient Phoenicians were very important seafaring people, their naval trade empire was in Eastern Mediterranean from time ancient very important, and old Egyptians often employed specialist Phoenician captains, seamen and ship builders for their endeavours in Mediterranean naval trade. This regarded, where have all the seamen gone in modern Bibles- this question is essential for really many versions of modern Bible understanding, as well in Christian Bible translations, as in the modern Tanakh project “the Tanakh is an entirely original translation of the Holy Scriptures into contemporary English, based on the Masoretic- the traditional Hebrew- text. It is the culmination of three decades of collaboration by academic scholars and rabbis representing the three largest branches of organised Judaism in America. Not since the third century B.C.E, when seventy-two elders of the tribes of Israel created the Greek translation of Scriptures, known as the Septuagint, has such a broad-based committee of Jewish scholars produced a major Bible translation.” (Tanakh translation, The Jewish Publication Society). The Tanakh project indeed is monumental and the representants thoroughly learned. Alas, we questioned their translation already considering word BHR or B-Har, because famously is BAHARI in Arabic language the “sea”. And so on. Also their use of word “Jewish” is completely unacceptable, because Rabbinic Judaism was ONLY ONE of the branches of ancient Judaism, well known in ancient literature also groups of Sadducees and generally temple Priests, Zealots, general people or the Am Ha Aretz; and importantly we remember that early Christianity and followers of Jesus of Nazareth indeed were one important and growing group of ancient Jews. Maintaining that Rabbinical party is and was well established branch of ancient Judaism well is in accordance with reality; but simply appropriating the title “Jew” only to those who are or were of Rabbinical party is thorough perversion of truth and enormous humbug. These questions are in modern Bible research of course well known; and worthy reading and contemplating for these questions are also letters of Paul, former Rabbi who was educated in school of R. Gamaliel. We can thus conclude this study: indeed Old Testament often writes of MURSAHA and MEGRASA harbours and indeed some Old Testament statements very clearly identify “Jerusalem” as noun designating safe harbour. But we remember that actually many statements in Old Testament where “Jerusalem” is mentioned are actually somewhat vague and unspecified in their descriptions so that in reading many Old Testament statements mentioning “Jerusalem” we really should attentively consider if that particular statement actually describes a “safe harbour, Jerusalem”. Old Testament records many histories of ancient naval empire where overseas trade and travelling were important actions. END OF VERRE ET BIBLE FIFTEEN.

WHERE IS YOUR LOCAL JERUSALEM? IN OLD TESTAMENT “JERUSALEM” OFTEN IS NOUN FOR SAFE HAVENS AND SAFE HARBOURS, NOT NAME OF ONE CITY (VERRE ET BIBLE 15) A Biblical Study of Old Testament, By Pasi K. Pohjala , January 28, 2013 Studying Old Testament statements concerning Jerusalem we first specify precisely the topic of this study. Thus we first notice questions of orthography: in the Old Testament this name is almost always written as JRWSLM; only in few statements is the variant JRWSLJM written (thus in 1 Chron 3:5, 2 Chron 25:1, Esther 2:6 and Jer 26:18). In the Greek Septuagint translation is written of IEROUSALEEM, and Greek New Testament writes of HIEROSOLYMA. And in cuneiform equivalents is of URUSALIM and URUSALIMMU written. Especially important now is to notice ideas concerning etymology of this name; in the scholarly consensus, at least among Editors and Editorial Board of the TDOT, this question is now solved in favour of finding JRH word, stating “etymologically, the name may mean something like ‘foundation’ (JRH I yara) of the God Shalem. This would be a pre-Israelite name” (thus Editor Helmer Ringgren in Art. Jerusalem in TDOT VI). Everyone knows well that discussions concerning “Jerusalem” is of quite importance for Biblical religion, so that Scholars and Editorial Boards of thus important co-operations as TWAT (in English translation this is the TDOT) have discussed and pondered this question profoundly. Thus it is important to notice that the little older large Scholarly consensus result is reflected in BDB article of “Jerusalem” (BDB 436, the BDB is founded upon the work of Gesenius, translated by Robinson and thereafter developed noticing much progress of Scholarly discussions) where is concerning etymology listed possible derivation from JRH “foundation of peace” or “foundation of Shalem” but ALSO in the BDB concise article is noticed scholarly tradition of finding the derivation from RWS words: JRWS SLM “possession of peace” or “Salem’s possession”. Currently in the important TDOT dictionary now the scholarly consensus more prominently emphasises the derivation from JRH “founding”. And Marcus Jastrow does not make any special references to etymology of the name “Jerusalem” (Jastrow 595), but in this Dictionary the name Jerusalem is mentioned after JRWSH that means “conquest, taking possession” and “inheritance, heirloom”; and after “Jerusalem” the Dictionary writes of JRWTA “conqueror, heir” and “conquest, possession” (Jastrow 595); this suggests to the Readers more referring to RWS words. These now may here represent current more widely represented scholarly comprehensions of the etymological origination of the name Jerusalem, reflected in the widespread scholarly opinions as recorded in the TDOT, BDB and Jastrow’s Dictionary. Many of best current and past Biblical Scholars and many religious leaders have written extensive books and articles concerning Jerusalem: indeed, enormous number of books and articles in huge number of languages and religious groupings have been written concerning Jerusalem during hundreds of years, and even numerous are well researched bibliographies. Important question thus is to consider what the Jerusalem then may refer to. Usually of course is considered that Jerusalem refers to one city, the city that is capital of current Israel and that was founded in Israelite rule as the capital of Davidic kingdom. This study, however, studies mentions that strongly argue that often the Biblical mention of Jerusalem does not refer to ONE city (as usually is thought)- this study argues that in Bible many mentions of Jerusalem rather occur as general NOUN, the noun meaning safe harbours and safe havens and safe anchorages. For Readers might this comprehension sound quite surprising, regarding that the current city Jerusalem is inland in the mountainous Judaea and that no other major city with that name is currently known. How could thinkably Jerusalem be thus comprehended? But we find surprisingly easily important and even contemporary support for such argument. We should well remember that Old Testament does know actually quite much of realities of maritime trade and ancient seafaring, also according to the currently widely accepted translations (English RSV, NRSV, King James’ Bible and other modern translations in main European languages); world of seafaring and sailing is to some extent indeed known in Old Testament, according to widely accepted comprehensions. But Jerusalem? Let us first remember the ancient and important Mediterranean busy harbours Marseille and Barcelona. Everyone of course quite often in casual contexts talks also of these well known and busy cities. But studying their names surprisingly reveals these names as close parallels to name Jerusalem. Name Marseille includes the M-R-S, clearly possible noun formation of root R-S, and reference to EL (usual designation of God, also in Bible and Semitic traditions). Name Barcelona is currently really famous in whole world and especially amongst followers of top football; but attentive reading of name Barcelona reveals in this name interestingly R-S and SELN (that is actually really close parallel to SALEM or SELEM). Every Reader well knows something of Barcelona and Marseille and easily now finds these names as close parallels to name Jerusalem. And looking in southern Mediterranean coast, we find there still currently existing and also prospering harbour cities MERSA or cities whose name include this MERSA (thus in the Arabic-speaking coast of South Mediterranean coast). We of course remember that from times ancient, Phoenician sailors sailed across whole Mediterranean sea and established settlements also in Western Mediterranean areas, even in Spain. It is quite worth considering that the busy and prosperous harbour city of Athens of Greece is PIREAS, also in this name of thus important harbour is the R-S element found. Historically worth considering is also that Apostle Paul was native of Tarsus and missionary journeys of Apostle Paul in Eastern Mediterranean were to many important harbour cities of Eastern Mediterranean. Pauline Christianity of Gospel of Jesus was spreading in many ancient harbour cities of Eastern Mediterranean, and seriously worth emphasising is also that Bible knows the Joshua-Jesus as the Joshua Son of NUN –indeed, NUN is in Egyptian religion designation for the Waters, the Primeval Seas and Deeps. And in front of the harbour of ancient megalopolis Alexandria was the island PHAROS- and the lighthouse of PHAROS was considered as one miracles of ancient world. We remind the Readers also of that the Quran Sura HUD indeed notices MURSAHA as harbour. In reality of Catholic Europe, we remember that Order of St. John of Jerusalem, or the Hospitallers, was anciently indeed a major naval power in Mediterranean. Thus from many important and quite different religious traditions we find widely well known and surprisingly usual details that clearly suggest this comprehension that JERUSALEM is a NOUN for harbours. We have thus many details both modern and ancient that strongly suggest to seek clarification of “JERUSALEM” by seeing that “Jerusalem” was an ancient NOUN FOR HARBOURS and SAFE ANCHORAGES. It is thus quite worth to read with much consideration how the current TDOT writes of Jerusalem, there also stating “Although the installation of the ark and the building of the temple were acts of kings, the election (9) (footnote 9: H. Seebass BHR bachar TDOT II, 80f.) of Jerusalem as the site of God’s rest and presence was always understood as an act of God’s free will.” (TDOT VI, art “Jerusalem” by M. TSEVAT). This statement by M. TSEVAT- and certainly well in detail considered by the General Editor Helmer Ringgren, he wrote smaller part of that article- is truly notorious. In writing of Jerusalem, here M. Tsevat makes reference to article BHR written by H. Seebass; this is from M. Tsevat really clear reference to matters concerning “sea” because name Seebass translated from German includes reference to “sea” (der/die See) and the BHR refers to SEA when the Arabic usual noun for sea BAHAR is considered (this Arabic BAHAR word for seas is important also for considering many details of the important ancient Cabbalistic BAHIR; we seriously should remember that many ancient Jews were living in regions were Arabic was the usual language). And in this statement of the Jerusalem article in TDOT, the writer M. TSEVAT emphasises Jerusalem as the place where God rested- and this apparently alludes to idea that a harbour and an anchorage is place where ships are resting. Of course this writer M. Tsevat in writing the article keeps to the current comprehension that Jerusalem indeed refers to one city, that in current Palestine, but such very clear allusions to considering matters of sea and seafaring here in the TDOT article are truly thought-provoking! Considering Jeremiah 32:8 is also important, because there is JRSH word written (BDB 440 “possession, inheritance”, of JRS). In this statement the semantic field of JRSH is interesting for current study, here is written that BARZ Binjamin KJ LK MSPT HJRSH WLK HGALH QNH LK Here are letters JRSHWL written that is almost the name Jerusalem, or some orthographical variant of name Jerusalem (if we consider grammatically the name containing plural masc, this JRSHWLK would be, indeed, form of “your Jerusalem” with sg. 2 possessive K). This statement writes name Binjamin where reference to high seas JAM, JAMIM is heard; and the word GAL also notices reference to such Phoenician usual ships that in Greek were famously called GAULOS boats. Here this text writes of purchasing some area of land. NOW we importantly find that this well can have been in Book of Jeremiah 32 description of purchase of place for anchorage or small private harbour, or place for boat shed, reading JRSHWLK as “your Jerusalem”. Really, this semantic context very strongly writes concerning matters of sea, Binjamin and GAL or Gaulos boats. We apparently render: TRANSLATION: please, purchase in area near to sea (area of Binjamin) that small harbour place for you (HJRSHWLK), suitable for GAULOS boats; you have right (Mispat) for that. (translation of Pasi K Pohjala 2013). Details of semantic context here quite clearly specify that here concerned area is actually a small harbour area, so clearly words in this sentence describe matters of sea and seafaring. Thus is considered response to Hanamel son of Shallum (SLM) for QNH LK AT SDJ ASR BYNTWT Prophet Jeremiah is thus offered to purchase field that is in Anatot; it is worth noticing that really this name ANATOT includes reference YNJ that indeed refers to ships and boats (ANJH); and the name well may include reference to THOTH who had important role in Egyptian mythology concerning seafaring, e.g. by ruling winds. It is indeed comprehensible that here considered area HJRSHWLK located in Anatot was actually a small harbour, a nice place for anchorage. (This Jeremiah 32 occurs in such situation that “Jerusalem” was under siege by Babylonians, so that here is notorious word play: the city Jerusalem being under siege and thus dangerous, Jeremiah is encouraged to purchase his own “safe haven” HJRSHWLK). In this text of Jeremiah 32 we also can suppose much specific terminology: this text Jer 32 describes in great detail procedure of making purchase of area: the offer, negotiation, writing the document, sealing the document and taking witnesses, weighing silver for payment, giving the deed of purchase to his secretary Baruch in presence of witnesses, for being included properly in archives. This Jeremiah 32 is widely regarded to be one good detailed description of writing of official documents and documents of purchase and their archival: the terminology is concrete and well reflects official parlance in court of those times. Thus finding here word HJRSHWLK is apparently and clearly then officially used title or noun for “your harbour area” or “field for your landing-site”- we thus observe here that here is not merely described area as “possession” but specifically “harbour area” HJRSHWLK is here discussed. Importantly, the JRSH noun is also in Judges 21:17 written in discussion of matters concerning the tribe Benjamin. Here is written that WJAMRW JRST PLJTH LBNJMJN The PLT in Hebrew Bible notices escaping and being fugitive, so that JRST PLJTH can here well notice harbour place for fleeing or becoming refuge, especially appropriate because name Binjamin here is noticed, referring thus to JAMJM seas. The chapter Judges 21 describes a very difficult episode in history of the Twelve tribes; in the situation described in Judges 21 these words may refer to encouraging some Binjaminites to flee overseas via the JRST PLJTH harbour of fugitives. (We present merely as important speculation that the PLJTH here refers to Philisteans, famously reigning the rich Levantine coastal lands, usually under Egyptian rule, so that here JRST PLJTH could notice that Benjaminites shall reign some “PHILISTEAN HARBOUR”, historically well appropriate. Importantly, the following discussion of Blessing of Moses Deut 33 also presents MWRSH clearly as harbour in Philistean regions.) Apparently the name refers to some connection with seas; thus here may be heard some foundational myth why some ancient Israelites were seafarers and thus travelling around, when others were mostly settled in life of agriculture. This Chapter Judges 21 concludes the Book and is concluded noticing how people of different tribes journeyed to possessions of their tribes. Apparently was situation of seafarers different because they did not have special allotted land areas in their possession but rather practised their profession in sailing in seas; rather were the harbours and safe anchorages for sailors centrally important- and indeed, here in Judges 21:17 are noticed the JRST PLJTH where we encounter the JRSH apparently referring to harbours. Well worth mentioning is tradition of ancient poem in Deuteronomy 33:5 writing TWRH ZWH LNW MSH MWRST QHLT JYQB WJHJ BJSRWN (Jesurun) MLK BHTASP RASJ YM JHD SBTJ JSRAL Traditions of this very old poetry are really ancient and of such times that much precede foundation of Jerusalem capital for Davidic kingdom or times of Jebusites immediately preceding times of foundation of Jerusalem capital. Here in Deut 33 is written concerning Israel. Thus we more freely can trace this very old parlance of MWRST QHLT JYQB, in this statement this MWRST apparently is compared with the Jesurun, noticed that he reigned as king in Jesurun. What do we, then, find here? The Jesurun only seldom occurs in Hebrew Bible, mostly being “poetic name of Israel, designating it under its ideal character” (BDB 448). However, when we consider the almost similar name SHARON (SRWN) we consider area traditionally recognised as the very fertile lowland north of Joppa (ancient major harbour) (BDB 450). Considering the Jod as poetic variant of orthography, we find here reference to reigning king in that Sharon fertile lowlands near to Joppa, something that of course was historically important; and in THIS context of geographically discussing that area near to Joppa is obviously important to talk of HARBOUR, and indeed here is of MWRSH discussed! (This Deuteronomy 33 is the famous Blessing of Moses, in Old Testament formally placed in situation where Israel had arrived near to the borders of the Promised Land and had not yet started conquering that Land- especially, normal historiography regards that in those times the Mediterranean coastal land was inhabited by the powerful Philisteans whom Israelites for considerable times could not win in battlefield for the military superiority of Philisteans. More pondering such questions are special questions of early history of Israel. Who were, exactly, Israelites? Who were those “Philisteans” who reigned those enormously fertile coastal lands? Much of modern research of course does not regard the episodes of Exodus and subsequent episode of conquering the Promised Land even partially as historical descriptions but rather mostly as beautiful and ideologically important mythologies. NOW we merely STOP at noticing that certainly it is appropriate to consider reigning king in those specially fertile Levantine lands Sharon north of Joppa and in those coastal areas certainly is interesting to talk of a harbour- thus is here indeed noticed the MWRST place!! But it is certainly really important that in this ancient Blessing of Moses the MWRSH is actually connected to Mediterranean Levantine coastal region and that in conclusion of Book of Judges the JRSH is clearly discussing matters of seas and coasts, Benjaminites. Apparently in these ancient traditions the JRSH word is much more specific than merely “possession”, it more specifically designates area governed that was actually a good harbour area. We now consider some details in Isaiah 8. Recently the current Writer Pasi K. Pohjala has published more extensive commentary on Book of Joel in the increasingly popular and increasingly discussion generating Verre et Bible publication series, and in this Commentary were much discussed ancient developments of watering and irrigation technologies, arranging channels, conduits, dikes, and narrower irrigation channels; these were much developed from ancient times in Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures, and in the Commentary of Book of Joel I presented that in Bible such irrigation agriculture is well known and surprisingly much in detail described. Now we notice in the current discussion the extensive description of different waters in Isaiah 8, there is written that “because that people has spurned the gently flowing waters of Siloam Assuredly, My Lord will bring up against them the mighty, massive waters of the Euphrates, the king of Assyria and all his multitude. It shall rise above all its channels, and flow over all its beds, and swirl through Judah like a flash flood reaching up to the neck” (Tanakh translation of Isaiah 8:5-8) In the Old Testament this is one vivid and in its tragic description, regrettably, quite realistic description of often prevailing circumstances in the countries where much dikes and channels were built- those somewhat often tended to break asunder and the following flooding and its devastation is well known in numerous ancient documents from those countries. Such flooding waters are quite violent waters, spreading around and bringing large devastation. Here Isaiah 8 importantly contrasts such waters with silent waters of Siloam. It is thus interesting that Siloam is thus clearly by Isaiah connected with peaceful water; we recognise that also waters in harbour behind the wharfs are such peaceful and calm waters, clearly in contrast with the roaring stormy waves in the high seas just beyond the piers built to protect the harbour (or the natural formations of that style that in the more ancient times were so centrally important for choosing suitable places for harbours and anchorage). Waters of Siloam are silent, calm; and Hebrew Bible states this MJ HSLH HHLKJM LAT and reading the name as Siloam is in Translations well supported. Here Isaiah emphasises that Siloam is place of such silent, calm waters. And in this Chapter Isaiah 8 is studied the remarkable name MAHER-SHALAL-HAZ-BAZ, this is also the name that Isaiah should give to his newborn son, thus emphasised in 8:3. We now remarkably notice that this name includes the MHRSLLH that is also apparent parallel to MURSA, MURSALA and MERSA MERSAHA nouns or a possible dialect variant or orthographical variant to these, thus referring to harbours, especially for including the SLH letters and the following writings specifying that the waters of SLH are calm and silent; and this name also parallels the name Jerusalem. The Siloam is of course usually in this context comprehended to denote the famous “tunnel of Siloam” that directed Gihon waters to Jerusalem; but in this context especially the remarkable name MAHER SHALAL HAZ BAZ being MHRSLLH alerts Readers to consider also matters of harbours whose waters also are silent. In this notorious name MAHER-SHALAL-HAZ-BAZ would thus be possibly referred to harbours whose waters are silent and calm. We now consider descriptions in Ezek 36:2 HAH WBMWT YWLM LMWRSH HJTH LNW We notice here

Dear Readers, today's posts are publishing of my, Pasi K Pohjala's NEW BOOK, Commentary of Bible Book of Malachi, VERRE ET BIBLE TWELVE whose FIRST EDITION TODAY December 18, 2012, is published to ALL READERS for more enjoyful Holiday time, or Christmas time, or Saturnalia time.!!!! (The Book in Word format is of 25 pages, and here today's posts publish the text of this Book VERRE ET BIBLE, of Biblical Navigating with Compass and seeing Lighthouses, in seafaring and land travel!! Happy Holidays to every Reader!!! Pasi K. LIGHT GIVING VIRTUE now specifies much also Philo’s writing of EIS TEEN ARETEES ATRAPON ELTHOON in Migr 128- LIGHT OF VIRTUE DEPICTS TO TRAVELLER THE PROPER PATH, something as if the LIGHT OF LIGHT-HOUSE depicts to sailors. Writing this beautiful and philosophically especially developed interpretation in De Migratione, Philo of Alexandria certainly contemplated also those evening moments when he was arriving at the Alexandrian harbour in the ship so securely guided by the light of the ancient famous PHAROS lighthouse. Every sailor so strictly tries to keep to the proper route indicated by the light of lighthouse, without deviating to right or left- and this is specifically by Philo indicated in writing of ATRAPOS in Migr 140 in words SPOUDAZETO D’ O NOUS MEE MONON ANENDOTOOS KAI EUTONOOS HEPESTHAI THEOO (dat), ALLA KAI TEEN EUTHEIAN ATRAPON HIENAI PROS MEEDETERA NEUOON, MEETE TA DEKSIA MEETE TA EUOONUMA We clearly find that Philo of Alexandria here interprets the ATRAPOS path of travelling of Abraham especially referring to circumstances of seafare and navigating. Actually notoriously interesting comparison to the comparison of virtue with sparks in Philo’s Migratione 123 is found in New Testament Epistle of James. Notoriously, there the discussion is explicit considering seafare and methods of directing ships. Thus we read in James 3:4-6a that EI DE TOON HIPPOON TOUS KHALINOUS…IDOU KAI TA PLOIA TEELIKAUTA ONTA KAI HUPO ANEMOON SKLEEROON ELAUNOMENA METAGETAI HUPO ELAKHISTOU PEEDALIOU HOPOU HE ORME TOU EUTHUNONTOS BOULETAI OUTOOS KAI HE GLOOSSA MIKRON MELOS ESTIN KAI MEGALA AUKHEI IDOU HEELIKON PUR HEELIKEEN HULEEN ANAPTEI Here is wondered that ships can be directed with a quite small rudder where the captain wishes, even if ships are so large and tossed in fierce winds; and so is noticed how even small fire can kindle a huge amount of material. Comparison with the Migratione 123 of smallest remnants of virtue with very small sparks thus is interesting- this writing of Epistle of JAMES here so descriptively writes of steering a ship. Also it is worth noticing James 1:6 writing of a ship being tossed amidst wind and waves; and notoriously James 1:17 writes of TROPEES APOSKIASMA that now is apparently interesting in considerations how ATRAPOS path is depicted and indicated with the light and reflected light from lighthouse that guides travellers indicating the safe path. Notoriously, JAMES 2:1ff describes how people gather to Synagogue gathering, and the 4:13 describes plans of ancient travelling merchants to travel to some town and there do business for some time. In the current study we also notice that Old Testament Book of Malachi 3 so emphasises how ELIAH is to come and do SWB- directing the route (especially we emphasise in this study that ELIAH doing SWB directing is cleverly using compass) and notably the conclusion of this Epistle of JAMES notices coming of prophet ELIAH in 5:17-18 and the 5:19 then emphasises to Readers to keep following the path of truth (ADELFOI MOU, EAN TIS EN HUMIN PLANETHE APO TEES ALETHEIAS KAI EPISTREPSEE TIS AUTON). This writing of Epistle of JAMES 5:4 has really good knowledge of the damned usual practises of rich people in ancient times and in modern times of leaving wages unpaid and thus causing exceeding suffering for workers and their families: James describes how unpaid wages of workers are crying up to heavens, and that this cry frighteningly comes to hearing of LORD ALMIGHTY: IDOU O MISTHOS TOON ERGATOON TOON AMEESANTOON TAS KHOORAS HUMOON O APESTEREEMENOS AF’ HUMOON KRAZEI, KAI AI BOAI TOON THERISANTOON EIS TA OOTA KURIOU SABAOOTH EISELEELUTHASIN. James describes how those rich gather in their stores in times of harvest- but James warns that their riches rotten and are frightening witnesses against such unjust capitalists. We find interesting Philonic interpretation of the episode of the Sea of Reeds in De Vita Mosis 1. For the current study of ATRAPOS paths is notoriously important writing in Moses 1:165-166 where Philo especially notices walking along ATRAPOS path being directed and guided by the famous Pillar of Light that revealed towards Israelites guiding light but towards pursuing Egyptians that Pillar of Light merely appeared as cloud and darkness. Thus we read in 1:165 that EKTRAPOMENOS OUN TEEN EP’ EUTHEIAIS EGKARSION ATRAPON EUROON KAI NOMISAS KATATEINEIN AKHRI TEES ERUTHRAS THALATTEES ODOIPOREIN EERKHETO Philo then re-tells to his audience the Biblical description of the light emitting cloud that guided the path of Israelites in their travel NEFELEE GAR EIS EUMEGETHEE KIONA SKHEMATISTHEISA PROEEI TEES PLEETHUOS HEEMERAS MEN HELIOEIDES EKLAMPOUSA FEGGOS, NUKTOOR DE FLOGOEIDES HUPER TOU MEE PLAZESTHAI KATA TEEN POREIAN, ALL APLANESTATO (dat) EPESTHAI HEEGEMONI HODOU This guiding miracle especially was there to guide Israelites accurately so that they might not err in their journeying (HUPER TOU MEE PLAZESTHAI KATA TEEN POREIAN), and this miraculous cloud-like appearance in day time emitted like sunlight but during night time that miracle emitted light more like from a mere flame; and such light appearance appeared proceeding in front of Israelites in their thus travelling. Thus in their journeying Israelites were following that really not at all erring guide who showed the way. This Philonic Midrashic re-telling of Biblical description of Israelites’ travelling is also of quite much historical importance, because usually in such Midrashic re-telling the description is re-told to audience with such words and references that they recognise from their practises and culture, so that often reading Midrashic re-telling we can quite much learn of really realistic details of life and practises of that particular audience. GREEK KATAIRO NOTICING ARRIVAL IN SAFE HAVEN We notice now more the statement EIS TO HIERON KATAIROUSIN OIA TINA KOINON HUPODROMON of Special Laws 1:69. The Greek KATAIRO noticing arriving to harbour now is notably similar with the KATHAIRO that notices making pure and purifying, and reading KATHAIRO we may remember possible references to usual meanings of KATAIRO, especially considering dialects and the fact that religious texts often include delicate nuances. Importantly, in New Testament writings the KATHAIRO is actually very usual and the KATHAIRO is very important word indeed generally describing the activity of Jesus of Nazareth. Thus New Testament readers always think of the healing activity of Jesus of Nazareth and his purifying people, especially purifying people from their sins. Apparently reading KATAIRO meanings into the KATHAIRO of New Testament would be quite interesting, noticing more how Jesus helped people to safe haven. We also should well remember that KATHAIRO purifying healing as such well could include bringing calmness to bodily states, even somewhat educated healers considering illnesses as extraordinary bodily states and excitation of bodily states so that important for healing was reconstitution of calm and more normal bodily states, thus more according to KATAIRO bringing to calmness, such as ship is brought to safe haven. Importantly, public activity of Jesus of Nazareth began with such KATHAIRO healings. Triple tradition in the Synoptic Gospels tell of healing of a man with leper, in beginning of public activity of Jesus; and in this episode importantly is noticed how Jesus thus encouraged this healed to arrive and encounter a HIEROS priest. This episode thus notices KATHAIRO and encountering HIEROS priest, reminding KATHAIRO, KATAIRO and that HIEROS Temple also is a safe haven. We red Matthew’s version in Matthew 8:1-4 where this healing miracle is importantly the very first action that Jesus did after his central Sermon on the Mount. Thus is this episode Matthew 8:1-4 placed in very important place, noticing the beginning of concrete public activity of Jesus, after his important teaching Sermon on the Mount, written down in Matthew 5-7. Thus this important beginning of Jesus’ public activity told in Matthew 8:1-4 is placed in very important place and this episode thus deserves much detailed consideration. Importantly, this tradition is a triple tradition of Gospels, all three Synoptic Gospels (Mark, Matthew and Luke) telling this episode in beginning of his public activity. We notice that Matthew 8:2-3 writes how the leprous man had encountered Jesus; and then follows KURIE EAN THELEES DUNASAI ME KATHARISAI. KAI EKTEINAS TEEN KHEIRA EEPSATO AUTOU LEGOON THELOO, KATHARISTHETI. KAI EUTHEOOS EKATHARISTHE AUTOU HE LEPRA. This writing centrally considers the KATHAIRO and KATHARIZO. Importantly, the meaning of KATAIRO coming to safe haven and anchorage is actually prominent in THIS context, this episode notices much “going”. Matthew thus continues noticing how Jesus said to this healed HUPAGE SEAUTON DEIKSON TOO HIEREI (dat) KAI PROSENEGKE PERI TOU KATHARISMOU SOU A PROETAKSEN MOUSES The meaning coming to rest and bringing to rest, the meaning of KATAIRO, is now emphasised in noticing HUPAGE SEAUTON, encouraging the healed to GO. Importantly, thus Jesus of Nazareth encourages the healed to GO AND ENCOUNTER THE HIEROS Priest. We now well compare this with EIS TO HIERON KATAIROUSIN OIA TINA KOINON HUPODROMON of Special Laws 1:69 by Philo. Notably Jesus encourages the healed HUPAGE SEAUTON; this is notoriously similar to Philo’s here characterising Temple as safe haven in words OIA TINA KOINON HUPODROMON (Matthew and Mark 1:44 thus write of HUPAGE SEAUTON, this being in MSS well supported, and the HUP-AGO describing movement as the HUPO-DROMON where more is DRAMOUMAI noticed). Also it is quite worth noticing that in Matthew 8 the following healing miracle, healing of servant of the pious centurion, include woeful description of the illness HO PAIS MOU BEBLETAI EN TE OIKIA (dat) PARALUTIKOS, DEINOOS BASANIZOMENOS This Greek statement includes very tragic description of the very serious situation of the servant of that pious centurion noticing BALLOO and BASANIZOMENOS that describe his seriously tragic situation tossing in this illness. This is very vivid description of those violent symptoms of that tragic illness of this servant. Apparently healing of this illness also brought visible calmness to this servant, also this emphasising here considerations of KATAIRO bringing to calmness and peace. Actually the Gospels encourage Readers to consider such seafaring terminology of KATAIRO (bring to harbour or safe haven) in reading THIS healing miracle of KATHAIRO purifying the leprous man. This healing episode namely in Gospels immediately follows very important history of seafaring and sailing, the episode of calling of first followers Simon (and James and John, his companions) in episode describing their profession of boating and fishery. This is told in Luke 5:1-11 and immediately thereafter the Luke 5:12ff describes this KATHAIRO purifying healing of this leprous man, so that readers of Luke’s Gospel certainly consider seafaring terminology such as KATAIRO bringing to harbour still when reading of this KATHAIRO purifying healing. (We also notice such word play in Luke 5:3, Jesus was sitting on board and there teaching, KATHIZO; and also is noticed OOS DE EPAUSATO LALOON of cessation of his speaking.) In the Gospel of Luke this placing of this healing episode immediately after calling of Simon and first followers attests important doings of Luke’s redaction and thus emphasises connecting KATHAIRO purifying and KATAIRO bringing to peace and calmness. (Gospel of Mark 1:14-20 tells this episode of calling first followers and much later 1:40-45 writes this healing episode, so that there connecting is not so clear. Matthew 8 places this healing episode in very important place, the first action after Sermon on the Mount, and there comparison with BEBLEMENON and BASANIZOMENOS in following episode of healing of centurion’s servant emphasise considerations of bringing to calmness and peace in doing healing, thus emphasising KATHAIRO compared with KATAIRO). This is very important consideration, because healing activities of Jesus of Nazareth are described in Gospels as very important and famous part of his activities. Thus we also comprehend here Philonic interpretation of the legislation concerning Lamps on the Lampstand. This describes ancient institutions with edifices for keeping signal lights, for travellers across land and sea; somewhat resembling the enlighted MINARETS. Greek: NAUS ship and NAOS temple- so easy even to modify in Greek Manuscripts word NAUS to read NAOS…etc….

Pasi K. Pohjala December 08, 2012 A Study of Biblical Navigation in Seafare and Landroutes; Biblical Use of Compass and Magnet Study of Old Testament Book of Malachi- Verre et Bible series. The current article considers ancient methods of finding direction for voyages both in seafare and in landroutes. Current Readers of course think of directing travelling with help of maps both land and sea; the even more advanced modern methods of navigating with help of satellites is of course truly recent development. For ancient people methods of navigating and other reliable methods of directing voyages on landroutes were immensely important for realisation of communication between areas, for culture, religion and commerce- well known is how the developed methods of effective communicating was fundamental for reality of ancient states and central governance. Considerations of Hebrew SB words provide many important insights to ancient developed methods of travelling and directing voyages. In the Old Testament the history of Israel leaving from Egypt and travelling towards the Promised Land is in Jewish religion one of the most fundamentally important Biblical histories. Much of scholarly literature has been attempting to reconstruct plausibly the probable route of the people towards the Promised Land; and some scholars have debated even the historical character of such wandering. The current study avoids so difficult questions and notices rather some interesting details of how that travelling is in practical terms described. We notice that the SAB word of Hebrew notices usually to draw water (BDB 980); and many of such meanings have been already by the current Author Pasi K Pohjala studied in studying Biblical descriptions of ancient methods of irrigating and ancient quite advanced technologies of watering and irrigating- these descriptions of watering and irrigating in Biblical high technological cultures were centrally important in Pasi K. Pohjala s recent study of the Book of Joel. However, it is now of central interest that Hebrew SAB words in some contexts noticed magnets (BDB 980). In Jewish religion the TESUBA is very central idea, noticing especially moral returning towards God and divine commandments. Magnets are of course for travellers both in landroutes and in high seas immensely important because of their magical ability of indicating reliably the direction towards north. For the Readers it is needless to say that such possible knowledge of capabilities of magnets in ancient world was immensely important and therefore was a sort of secretive knowledge that was not so loud and clearly propagated to general knowledge. It is well known that in ancient Chinese culture magnets and navigating with help of compass was known, this is in current scholarly consensus well accepted knowledge. But generally scholars find first attested uses of compasses in Mediterranean navigating only in the times of Crusades and thereafter. We should well remember that ancient Arabic seafare already in pre-Islamic times practised continuous and extensive seafares across long distances, even with Chinese. Thus we proceed to notice some interesting and important details in description of travelling in the HEBREW Bible, that certainly also describes very old practises. Especially importantly we notice that use of magnets as compasses is easiest facilitated by placing appropriate magnetic indicator to float in a WATER BOWL. The current Author Pasi K Pohjala has in numerous Biblical studies published in the series Verre et Bible emphatically shown how usual practises of bowl divination, the lecanomancy, were in ancient Israel and usually noticed in the Old Testament. In water bowls, magnified visions were seen, and this has been centrally discussed and studied by Pasi K. Pohjala in previous Verre et Bible studies and translations. In the current study now we continue also noticing that bowl divination could also be performed in order to read the direction towards north in the water bowl acting as compass. In bowl divination, direction towards north is seen and also magnified visions are observed. This includes interesting notices also concerning traditions of deities, also in Hebrew Bible and translations. We consider how Israelite travelling towards the Promised Lands is described in the Deuteronomy 2, finding that “Thus, after you had remained at Kadesh all that long time, we marched back into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Reeds, as the Lord had spoken to me, and skirted the hill country of Seir a long time (WNSB AT HR SYJR JMJM RBJM) The Lord said to me: You have been skirting this hill country long enough; now turn north (RB LKM SB AT HHR HZH PNW LKM ZPNH)” (the Tanakh translation of Deut 1:46-2:2). Here the Hebrew text writes notoriously of the SB word describing some concrete travelling and proceeding and then notices importantly turning towards north. The modern Tanakh translation well notices the currently usual main tendencies in translating this text to modern English speaking Readers. But some older and quite usual English Bible translations do interestingly here allude to idea of use of compass as aide of finding the way, formulating translation that they have compassed this mountain long enough; turn northwards. However, now we especially notice that in this very important Old Testament description of travelling the SB word is thus interestingly connected with “turning to north”. Importantly this alerts to considering that SAB word also can denote magnets; used in finding route of voyage the magnets of compass have the notorious ability to find direction towards North. It is well worth noticing that the BDB Dictionary does render some SBB words in Hebrew Bible with rendering encompass (BDB 685-686), thus alerting attentive Readers that such journeying was probably directed with using magnets and compass. In this description by Hebrew Bible the travelling of people is noticed with SB words, with WNSB AT HR and SB AT HHR HZH. This probably notices that their travelling in those hill countries was probably quite well planned and guided by use of compass to direct their travelling- so emphatically the Hebrew Bible here writes of their SB travelling in that hill country, noticing so specifically turning towards north. Here the Greek Septuagint translation writes EKUKLOSAMEN TO OROS TO SEIR HEMERAS POLLAS KAI EIPEN KURIOS PROS ME IKANOUSTHO HUMIN KUKLOUN TO OROS TOUTO, EPISTRAFETE OUN EPI BORRAN. Greek Readers find now in this Septuagint translation interestingly the HEMERAS POLLAS that unmistakably suggests to Greek Readers clear reference to the famous Hermes, the famous travelling messenger and his methods of travelling and finding the way. One important mention of KUKLOO in Hermeticum is in the Sacred Discourse of Hermes (III.3). Some mentions of Hebrew Bible clearly connect SB verbs with words denoting north and northern directions. Famous description of Israelite SB marching is the episode of Joshua 6 that describes marching around Jericho and the subsequent Israelite invasion to Jericho and their occupation of Jericho. Thus is told Let all your troops march around the city and complete one circuit of the city. Do this six days with seven priests carrying seven ram´s horns preceding the Ark. On the seventh day, march around the city seven times, with the priests blowing the horns. (Joshua 6:3-4, the Tanakh translation) WSBTM AT HYJR KL ANSJ HMLHMH HQJP HYJR PYM AHT KH TYSH SST JMJM WSBYH KHNJM JSAW SBYH SWPRWT HJBLJM LPNJ HARWN WBJWM HSBJYJ TSBW AT HYJR SBY PYMJM WHKHNJM JTQYW BSWPRWT And he (Joshua) instructed the people, Go forward, march around the city, with the vanguard marching in front of the Ark of the Lord (Joshua 6:7, the Tanakh translation) WJAMR AL HYM YBRW WSBW AT HYJR WHHLWZ JYBR LPNJ HARWN H. This episode of Jericho notices Israelite arranging of a march of larger people, or whole Israelite army. Every one recognises the enormous military dangers of such proceeding that usually is here thought. That sounding of the horns would have revealed their location to the defenders quite exactly and thus given easy opportunities for arranging ambushes and launching huge number of missiles and projectile upon thus advancing troops. We remember that city Jericho was in those ancient times flourishing and well equipped and certainly technologically militarily well advanced, equipped with then known defensive devises and well equipped defending troops. The Israelite occupation of Jericho has been historically studied with archaeological remains; and also historicity of this episode is in research much discussed. Importantly, here is advancing of troops described with the SBB word (WSBTM AT HYJR, TSBW AT HYJR). Such SB is movement of those troops with regard to the city Jericho and the arranging of troops includes the Ark. The Joshua 6:7 specifies how the HHLWZH goes in front of the Ark; and the Tanakh comprehends them as vanguards. Importantly, the LWZ notices in Biblical Hebrew to bend, turn or twist (J 696); and we notice that MLJSH notices generally some water pots, such as even used as cooking vessels (J 790). These officials of Israelite troops HHLWZ who were marching in front of thus advancing troops were officials connected with water-pots and “twisting and turning”; and they were thus directing this SBB Israelite marching around the city Jericho. In the current discussion of finding directions for voyages, we notice how these HHLWZH officials advancing in front of troops were apparently using some device water pot with “twisting and turning”; apparently they were using some form of ancient compass to facilitate this SBB advancing of the Israelite troops in this situation. (Readers certainly remember also the Halachic important HALIZAH ritual or “removing the shoe” concerning marriage). Traditions of Arabic notice the very usual verb JALA that notices different spatial movements such as roaming, wandering and roving, wandering about and moving around (176); and this Arabic JALA is in written Arabic clearly related with this HHLWZH of Hebrew and Aramaic. but in Arabic traditions the word JALABA also deserves now special notion: the JALABA in modern parlance notices to bring to the spot, to bring- and notoriously also to attract (J 153). This noun also denotes the famous rose water (JULAB). Importantly, Arabic noun HILB notices different iron devices of boats, anchors, grapnels and boat hooks (1268) so that also magnetised piece of iron used as compass needle can in some traditions have been denoted HILB The episode of marching notoriously describes how priests were operating the SWPRWT HJWBLJM, shofars of ram horns. Use of magnetic material in compass to help bring travellers to certain direction is founded on the notorious fact that the magnetic needle remarkably is always attracted towards north. Comparing the role of officials HHLWZH in Israelite SBB marching in Jericho areas thus is much enhanced noticing also current Arabic traditions of JALA wandering and more determined travelling JALABA: thee officials were apparently using some kind of compass to direct their travel. However, hereby is nothing said concerning the constitution of the Ark. This episode of march in the surroundings of Jericho thus clearly describes Old Testament tradition of use of a device of compass to direct marching. The Psalm 6 also interestingly writes HLZ together with SB verb. thus we find written in Ps 6:5 that SWBH H HLZH NPSJ HWSJYNJ LMYN HSDK Interestingly here is written of SWBH and Tetragrammaton, and the HLZH. Tanakh now renders: Lord, turn! Rescure me! Deliver as befits Your faithfulness. We find interesting traditions also in the Greek Septuagint translation where is rendered that EPISTREPSON KURIE RUSAI TEN PSUKHEN MOU SOOSON ME ENEKEN TOU ELEOUS SOU Greek translation here writes of the EPI-STREPO and renders with RUO now discussed HLZH, with the RUSAI form. We shall now especially remember that Septuagint translation was often read in congregations where many members were prolific speakers of Greek and Semitic languages, at least some Aramaic. This Aorist form RUSAI of the Greek RUO for such bilingual Semitic speakers denotes divine saving, especially in that He brings to R-S safe haven. Notably begins the Septuagint rendering with HUPER TEES OGODES thus rendering the BNGJNWT YL HSMNJT (Sheminit). Ancient readers found clear allusion to directing the way, AGO and ODOS, so that device compass that leads the way thus may be alluded to. For these ancient speakers this SWBH H HLZH in Psalm 6:5 and its Greek Septuagint rendering EPISTREPSON KURIE RUSAI TEN PSUKHEN MOU specifically notices how God rescues soul by bringing the soul to R-S safe haven, like compass aiding finding securely the right way to safe haven. Safe havens denoted R-S are immensely important- later in the current study is more discussed the important ancient fact that word Jerus-salem was a NOUN denoting generally safe havens, the word Jerus-salem was NOT a proper name denoting one specific city such as most of current Readers presume. Indeed, large number of still currently existing main Mediterranean harbours are monuments of this important fact: Tarsus in Turkey, Pireas the harbour of Athens in current times and in historic times, Marseille, Barcelona; and every Reader now remembers the world famous Pharos leading the way to harbour of enormously important Mediterranean Alexandria. This is importantly noticed also in the following Psalm 7 writing of the HLZ, the 7:5 noticing WAHLZH ZWRRJ RJQM where is also the HLZH word with Z-R word written. Importantly, here is clearly written of the Reqemite empire noticing the RJQM. Interestingly, Psalm 7:8 notices the SB writing that WYDT LAMJM TSWBBK WYLJH LMRWM SWBH. In the Old Testament, HLZH and SB have important connection. We read interesting details of description of larger military campaign of kings of Israel, Judah and Edom in 2 Kings 3. There write the 2 Kings 3:8-9 that WAMR AJ ZH DRK NYLH WJAMR DRK MDBR ADWM. WJLK MLK JSRAL WMLK JHWDH WMLK ADWM WJSBW DRK SBYT JMJM Here is noticed questioning the route for proceeding of their troops AJ ZH DRK NYLH, and their proceeding along this route is noticed WJSBW DRK. Questioning for the route and this SB proceeding here apparently notice how SB compass was directing their proceeding. Ancient histories of travelling of troops and armies are in the Old Testament usual episodes where description of methods and arrangements of ancient travelling are written; this is apparently part of ancient Israelite and Judahite historiography. Interesting description for current study is also in 2 Samuel 24 written. This chapter describes first how David´s commander Joab with his nearest staff went around to estimate number of male population. Their journey across these lands was truly extensive, lasting more than nine months, and they went around in Judah and Israel. These staff were SRJ HHL designated officers; but we notice really important detail alluding to HLZH ascribed to these officers that WYL SRJ HHL WJZA JWAB WSRJ HHL LPNJ HMLK LPQD HYM. Even if these officers are named SRJ HHL, here is the first mention SRJ HHLWJZA that is exactly the HLWZA now so important in 2 Sam 24:4. Apparently these officers SRJ HHL were also trained in navigating and directing the routes, thus reasonably SRJ HHLWJZA. Concerning their travelling in northern regions, in areas of Tyre and Sidon is notable written in 2 Sam 24:7 WJBAW DNH JYN WSBJB AL ZJDWN WJBAW MBZR ZWR We notice that in these northern regions their travelling is noticed WSBJB; notably the Tanakh translation renders “and around to Sidon” but emphasises in comments that “Meaning of Heb. uncertain”. In these northern regions of Sidon and Tyre these commanders may rather have SBB travelled with compass. Notably thus commander Joab with these officers conducted in Judah and Israel truly large touring- their special ability to travel reliably to various locations is actually here indicated in SRJ HHL WJZA that becomes in lectio continua HhHLWJZA or the specific HLWZA The book of Neviim concludes the Hebrew Bible with prophesy of Malachi 3:23 importantly promising sending of prophet Elijah HNH ANKJ SLH LKM AT ALJH (Elijah) HNBJA LPNJ BWA JWM H HGDWL WHNWRA WHSJB Now we see importantly that here prophesy of Malachi promises sending of prophet Elijah and notices his doing WHSJB (Hebrew). We also notice that Malachi 3:1 writes HNNJ SLH MLAKJ WPNH DRK LPNJ WPTAM JBWA AL HJKLW Here God promises his sending his angel who shall prepare the way before God; and this angel suddenly comes to the Temple. These formulas in Malachi 3:1 and 3:23 are apparently connected in writings of HNH ANKJ SLH…LPNJ and HNNJ SLH…LPNJ. Now God promises sending the angel before him to prepare the way; and promise of Malachi 3:23 promises sending of prophet Elijah who shall do HSJB: this is apparently understandable when noticed that apparently so is described use of compass, reading in bowl visions direction towards north. Current SAB discussion thus makes quite easily understandable this doing of divine angel and prophet Elijah, preparing way by reading direction towards north in compass style bowl visioning. Now this tradition of Malachi 3:1 is very central tradition of New Testament Gospels describing work of John the Baptist. Importantly is written in Luke 7:27 how Jesus with quoting this Malachi 3:1 described the activity of John the Baptist and similarly writes Matt 11:10; these texts quote Greek Septuagint translation of Malachi 3:1 in same words that is of quite much importance- often in quotations they make small but ideologically hugely important modifications; the words are IDOU EGO APOSTELLOO TON AGGELON MOU PRO PROSOOPOU SOU OS KATASKEUASEI TEN ODON SOU EMPROSTHEN SOU Here we encounter truly important questions concerning Greek Septuagint translation and the manner how Gospel tradition quotes Greek Bible translation from those traditions known to their groups: the Septuagint translation namely here writes that IDOU EGOO EKSAPOSTELLOO TON AGGELON MOU KAI EPIBLEPSETAI ODON PRO PROSOOPOU SOU KAI EKSAIFNES EEKSEI EIS TON NAON EAUTOU This is in the MSS well supported (Rahlfs) and likewise is the Greek quotation in Matthew and Luke also well supported- especially we do not find in Gospel Mss variants really comparable with the apparently slightly different Greek translation of Malachi 3:1 in Septuagint tradition. The Gospel tradition now has actually read the words IDOU EGOO APOSTELLOO TON AGGELON MOU PRO PROSOOPOU SOU in Greek Septuagint translation of Exodus 23:20 that is now verbatim followed. And the latter part of this statement in Gospels is quoted from Greek translation of Malachi 3:1 writing of KAI EPIBLEPSETAI ODON PRO PROSOOPOU SOU whereas Gospels write of OS KATASKEUASEI TEN ODON SOU EMPROSTHEN SOU (this is apparently quoted from Malachi 3:1 and not from Exodus 23:20). These are normal and usual questions in study of New Testament Gospels and their manner of quoting some Greek Bible translation. Importantly, also Gospel tradition thus has read together Malachi 3 and the Exodus 23:20, traditions of divine leading of their way. After these somewhat more technical details of Gospel research, although very important, we now proceed to notice important details for the current study. Jesus of Nazareth is in Gospels presented as having described activity of John the Baptist also in words OS KATASKEUASEI TEN ODON SOU EMPROSTHEN SOU. Often this Greek KATASKEUAZO is rendered with its usual neutral meaning denoting some style of preparing and making preparations. John is then regarded neutrally as predecessor who somehow “prepared” way of Jesus, e.g. by preaching so that preaching of Jesus already could find some more audience. But Greek translation of Malachi 3:1 writes EPIBLEPSETAI ODON PRO PROSOPOU SOU, and such EPI-BLEPO quite concretely describes some activity of concrete seeing. Considering this tradition, John would have EPI-BLEPO concretely seen and observed the way that was in front of Jesus. Why then the Gospel writers write of KATASKEUAZO, this word is not found in Exodus 23:20 and its context, so that such KATASKEAZO does specifically indicate important detail. How are these EPI-BLEPO and KATASKEUAZO activities concerning the “way” meaningfully comparable. Let us now think of use of compass: through glass bowl indeed a road can be observed and seen, especially the proper direction can be detected with seeing the bowl that acts as compass, with a floating magnetic needle. Apparently thus is EPI-BLEPO quite appropriate; and KATASKEUAZO can denote concretely seeing through a bowl, KATA SKEUE. Importantly, this is now well supported in attentive reading of Malachi 3, the 3:1 and concluding 3:23 being apparently comparable- and the 3:23 thus importantly emphasises that the prophet Elijah is to SWB- and the current study so emphatically finds attested SB and SAB use of magnets and compass in Biblical tradition to indicate the proper direction. We find thus importantly attested that Malachi 3:1 and its important New Testament quoting in Gospel tradition describing activity of John the Baptist as the forerunner of Jesus of Nazareth was- to indicate direction of the road to travel. In the developments of Christian dogma, status of the Jesus the Son was all-important and thus his overwhelming knowledge and insight were emphasised; presenting John the Baptist as clever specialist of directing travelling of Jesus and advising of finding good road for travels would have been apparently less plausible and thus such detail drowned in forgetfulness in development of Christian dogma of the Son. Once more we are profoundly wondering how life of Jesus of Nazareth was developed into the high KURIOS Christology and metaphysical philosophical speculations of the Son, and a ideological bulwark of Christian state religiosity. Indeed the narrations of Roman state Christian religion and exalted KURIOS Christ operates in completely profoundly different illusory level than the original life of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the old reliable New Testament traditions (the current Author Pasi K. Pohjala is well knowledgeable of the tenets of developments of allegorical Bible reading, important especially in developing Christian thought and already importantly found in old Alexandrian Hellenistic writings, especially writings of Philo being especially prominent for their allegorical interpretations of Old Testament. Now is question of what the New Testament says in its quoting Malachi 3:1 thus describing John the Baptist; apparently he is thus described being specialist of finding the way with compass. This is conrete and easily forgotten and subsumed under thick strata of philosophical speculations in allegorising reading). But references to the Malachi 3:1 here make clear that quite concrete activities were thus indicated, and the 3:23 emphasising the SWB and thus the use of COMPASS for finding direction of travel. (It is also noteworthy that in Johannine literature of New Testament, the Second Letter of John emphatically writes of concrete travelling- PERIPATOUNTES EN ALETHEIA; INA PERIPATOOMEN KATA TAS ENTOLAS AUTOU; writes of PLANAO; and notably writing of PROAGOON). We thus conclude that in Malachi 3:1 and 3:23 we find interesting references to use of compass, looking into reflections in bowl operating as compass- and New Testament tradition of Jesus thus describing his frontrunner John the Baptist with these statements of Malachi and thus indicating John as one who knew how to find direction in way.