EURASIAN LEXICON PART TWO, POST TWO by Pasi K Pohjala 2018 CHAPTER TWO Some archaic words in Old English texts, compared with Chinese words Reading important Old English texts of Gnomic verses of Exeter Book, and Cotton Gnomes, and reading in Old English Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, alerts Readers of some peculiar, apparently archaic words that appear not being clearly comparable with nowadays usual vocabulary of Teutonic languages of Europe. This proceeds with questioning what are, then, actually these words? Where are these words, then, originating? Thus the research proceeds also considering if such notorious words can be found also in some other Anglo Saxon texts- and for this stage, it appears that the Old English Lindisfarne Gospel translations notoriously often do include such notorious archaic words that, importantly, no more appear in later usual Old English Gospel translations. With this methodology, it can here be established some vocabulary that is archaic in Old English parlance, and occurring in secular texts of the Gnomes and also in early Lindisfarne translation of Gospels, and also in Solomon and Saturn dialogues that is partially of early Christian culture. Thus are we detecting numerous archaic words in Old English vocabulary attested in secular and early Christian texts; and it is thus truly notable that to such archaic Old English words are here noticed apparent parallels in Chinese language. This quite elaborates one of Gnome statement that CENE MEN GECUNDE RICE- that CENE men established state (although usual lexical rendering for such CENE men is to speak of bold men). We can promptly remind also that well known in British history are: king Cynewulf of Wessex (757-86), he was a descendant of Cerdice; also king of West Saxons Cynegils (611-643), he was only later in 635 baptised to Christianity by missionary Birinus, and this sponsored by king Oswald of Northumbria; and numerous are in southern Britain finds of 2000yrs old coins minted by king Cunobelinus; and so on. In Gnomic verses of the Exeter Book, is found ALED word, apparently meaning fire. In Chinese is word LEI for thunder, apparent similar; and well known are connected fire and thunders. Apparent parallel is English FLAME (pronounced fleim), and in Finnish language is LEIMU for fire (and also is VALKEA Finnish noun for fire), both of these Finnish words well similar with Chinese LEI for thunder. Also is Turkish GURLEMEK for thunder apparent similar, and ALEV is in Turkish word for flame. And in Greek, is LIGNUS word for smoke &flame. Bosworth renders Old English ALED with fire, and conflagration and ALAN being to kindle; but Bosworth does not here speculated of its etymology, however. FICK Indogermanisches Wb discusses HLEM, HLEMMAN, HLAMM (schallen) and Old English HLIMMAN schallen, brullen (Bosworth render for HLIMMAN to sound, roar). Thus it is interesting to notice that in Lindisfarne Gospels, the ALED word is NOT used in renderings, but the IGNIS is always with FYR rendered in Lindisfarne Gospels (so finds Concordance of Albert Cook); that Old English FYR word being similar with modern fire word. Thus it appears interesting that in Gnomes of Exeter Book, these BOTH are noticed stating, FORST SCEAL FREOSAN, FYR WUDU MELTAN…HOLEN SCEAL IN ALED. There is noticed that wooden material burns in fire. Mentioning BOTH ALED and FYR words in these Gnomes of Exeter Book is interesting, it attests of historical development of language. (We can also notice that LAD word does occur in Lindisfarne translations- but in places that are not particularly relevant for anything to do with fire, namely in Matt 10:22 and 24:9 and Luke 8:13, 16:15 and 21:17 statements). Chinese word WAN notices fine silk; China was in older times especially famous for Chinese silk, so that this vocabulary is notable; and Chinese WAITAO is word for coat. Old English word WAEDE notices human clothing, some garment, or collectively clothing (Bosworth). Also in Finnish language, is notoriously similar word VAATE, VAATETUS for clothes. Thus we notice that FICK Indogermanisches Wb writes of VED weben (weave) of Indogermanic root VEOH, and Sanskrit VAYATI. Also, FICK notices VEDI for clothes and VAD, VADIR for clothing. In Exeter gnomes, is stated that WIF SCEAL WID WER WARE GEHEALDAN OFT HI MON WOMMUM BEHLID… WAESCED HIS WARIG HRAEGEL AND HIM SYLED WAEDE NIWE where the gnomes describe how Frisian housewife welcomes her husband sailor from sailing, and washes his stained clothers and gives to him new clothes. Importantly, clothing words here appearing are that HRAEGEL and WAEDE. Writing of WAEDE word in Lindisfarne Gospels, is especial detail that points out Lindisfarne translation specifically in comparison with many other Old English Gospel translations. Thus we find in Lindisfarne Gospel rendering Luke 6:29 SEDE GENIMED DE WOEDO AEC D CYRTIL, although other old English translations (in Skeat’s Synopsis) write of REAF, stating DAN DE DIN REAF NYMD…DINE TUNECAN. This is one manifestation that vocabulary in Lindisfarne translation often is surprisingly and comprehensively different from vocabulary written in many other Old English Gospel translations. And we find similarly that Lindisfarne translation for Luke 6:36 writes of garment (vestimentum) with WOEDO, although other Old English translations there write of REAFE (Lindisfarne: ESCEAPA FROM WOEDO NIUUE ONSENDED ON GEWEDO ALD). Albert Cook in Concordance notices that WOEDE is in Lindisfarne Gospel translations usual for vestimentum in rendering all four Gospels; and Lindisfarne Gospels render that vestimentum also with words CLAD, HRAEGL, WOEDE, although CLAD is rare, written there only in Matt 9:16 and Mark 14:63, but HRAEGL is some more usual, written ten times. Chinese word LING is especially for silk, and also for other riches. In older times, silk was often accepted currency form there also. Thus it is notable that in Old English language is word WLENCO for proud and bold, and for splendid, magnificent and rich (so Bosworth). FICK Indogermanisches Wb notices LINA for LEIN, LINNEN and Old English LIN; also in Greek is LINON word for linen (and LINAIA is Greek for sails, of fabrics); interestingly also writing “Ob Germ LINA entlehnt oder mit Lat. LINUM urverwandt ist, lasst sich kaum entscheiden”. Liddell Scott renders LINON with anything made of FLAX; and it is notable that LS 895 compares Greek LINON with Old High German LIN word “the diff. of quantity is against the supp. that the word was borrowed from the Greeks”. And Bosworth writing of Old English LIN wit flax, linen, notices German LEIN. Thus it is apparently of notable importance to compare this with LING word in Chinese language; the silk being famous Chinese secret product since old times, and reached also to west along the famous silk road. One particularly forceful evidence connecting LIN in Old English especially with SILK, is Old English Rushworth Gospel translation of Mark 15:46 and Luke 23:53 where is BOHTE LIN AND HINE BIWAND IN LINE describing clothing deceased Jesus in garment of LIN material for burial- but the Greek originals, and the Latin text translated, write of SINDONE material (MERCATUS SINDONEM EUM INVOLVIT SINDONE)- that is, specifically, silk clothing. Old English thus apparently comprehended LIN being also material of SILK- and that is, specifically, the Chinese LING. In old Anglo-Saxon times in Britain, large areas of east coast of Britain south of the Humber, were areas of Lindissi; or the famous LINDSEY kingdom, famous although less known in details of life and culture (modern Lincolnshire; Doncaster, Market Rasen cf. old English RECENE word, see below). And in chapter below, scrutinising archaeological evidence of pottery styles of kilns almost 2000years old, we are to find numerous apparent evidences of elaborate YIN YANG decorated pottery from factories in the Wash area, especially along rivers Nene and Welland (often called Nene valley pottery style approximate 2000years old, where are beautiful decorations of yin yang style elaborate); we thus are finding interesting evidences for ancient British culture of east coast, between Humber and the Wash, and river system of the Wash, especially Nene river. Old English WLENCO word interestingly is written in Gnomic verses in Exeter Book, namely DRYM SCEAL MID WLENCO, DRISTE MID CENUM SCEOLUN BU RECENE BEADWE FREMMAN This writes of affluent men WLENCO, and then notably writes of CENUM men. Apparently, these CENUM notice some Chinese, known to this culture of Anglo Saxon Exeter book community; also interestingly, here also BU and RECENE are apparent similar with Chinese usual words BU and REN (people); thus here noticed that pomp is with the affluent and confidence is with the CENUM men. Word WLENCO is in Lindisfarne translations notably seldom written, occurs in Matt 13:22 for DIVITIAE. That Latin word DIVITIAE is by Lindisfarne rendered with WEALA and WLENCO, that WEALA more usual , written in Mark 4:19 and Luke 8:14 (in the parable of sower, sowing seed amongst thorns) and Luke 16:9. Chinese word YI notices medical doctors, and Chinese YILIAO notices medical treats. This Chinese word appears really similar with Old English word BILIHD that notices damages, also in figurative sense noticing defaming and dishonouring; this BILIHD is pres. form of Old English verb BEHLIGAN (see Bosworth and Grein, Sprachschatz). Now it is really notable that any somewhat resembling word actually is not in Western European languages any more recognisable. However, in Russian language we yet do find actually usual word BOLNITSA for hospitals and BOLITSA noticing being sick; apparently are these modern Russian words close parallels; in Eurasian areas this is of course quite understandable. Notoriously, we also can find in old Greek language verb IAOMAI for curing, word especially used for medical practitioners of those times- also this usual old Greek word appears quite similar with that Chinese YI and YILIAO words (the Greek noun for doctors IATROS also somehow resembles that YI, too). Actually we do well also comparing old Greek LEITOURGOS word here (of LEITH- and ERGADZOMAI), apparently is here found interesting parallel to the BILIHD, too; and generally, that old Greek LEITOURGOS notices various public servants of the POLEIS cities. Also FICK notices in Indogermanisches Worterbuch DLAIH, DLAIHAN freundlich zureden, trosten (to speak friendly and to give counselling and consolations)- this type of activity is surely one of most important activities of medical practitioners encouraging people suffering from various ailments (and such DLAIH friendly speaking and counselling, in various contexts, is centrally important in many activities of public officials, too). In Old English Gnomes of Exeter Book, this BILIHD does notably occur in stating WIDGONGEL WIF WORD GESPRINGED, OFT HY MON WOMMUM BILIHD Lindisfarne Gospel translations into Old English are apparently of much interest in these scrutinies, especially remembering that healing activities of Jesus are in Gospels actually quite prominent and oft presented traditions. For example, in Synoptic Gospels the Luke 6 presents debate of keeping Sabbath and in such, presenting event that a man with crippled hand came to synagogue during Sabbath, and Jesus did heal his hand, even if there were complaints amongst audience of Pharisees claiming thus the Sabbath commandment been broken. In this narrative, Lindisfarne Gospel translations and also others, write HAELDE (gif on symbeldaeg he haelde, Luke 6:7, also others HWAEDER HE ON RESTE-DAEG HAELDE similarly. Of course, also this word deserves comparison with Chinese YILIAO for medical treating). Also it is interesting that Chinee YI for medical doctors also quite resembles name JE-SUS (importantly, in Hebrew and Aramaic form of the name)who was, according to New Testament narratives, also quite famous for healing miracles. This similarity also gives much to ponder, too. The healing miracles of Jesus told in New Testament being numerous, also occurring vocabulary is of much interest. Another sort of vocabulary is found e.g. in translation of Luke 5:15 telling that large crowds were coming to see Jesus and WURDON GEHAELEDE FRAM HYRA UNTRUMNESSUM (thus other translations in Skeat’s Synopsis- this writes clear details pertaining to older German syntax especially that WURDON) and Lindisfarne translation here writes that WOERON GELECNED FROM UNTRYMNISSUM HIORA. Also here is Old English vocabulary notably different, and the GELECNED in Lindisfarne translation especially reminds of Nordic parlance (Lakare, Lakemedel; ), also it is notable that in Lindisfarne the passive is not expressed with WURDON that unmistakably is detail of German syntax. Chinese WEIRAO notices moving around. Also modern English speakers recognise resemblance with EARTH, that is moving around in cosmos. Importantly, history of languages presents much more detailed knowledge. Old English EOROD notices legions and troops (they were of course formations quickly moving in different positions), and EORD is Old English for the earth (Bosworth; but notably, Bosworth does not discuss etymology of these words; and Skeat Etymological Dictionary, finds Teutonic root ERTHA). FICK Indogermanisches Wb notices VERD, VERDAN for wenden, drehen and finds Indogermanic root VERT, apparently really near also to Chinese WEIRAO; and FICK notices in Sanskrit nearest word VARTATE dreht sich, geschieht. Moreover, important notices are that old Greek ERESSOO generally notices to put in quick motion; in Homeric epic that word also notices to speed by rowing; and Liddell Scott notices it coming from root ERET. Thus is Greek ERETES usually for rowers. Thus it is interesting that Gnomes of Exeter Book also write that EORL SCEAL ON MEOS BOGE, EOROD SCEAL GETRUME RIDAN This notices, apparently, EORL riding on back of horse, and style of riding of mounted troops. Chinese word TENG