Sunday 21 January 2018

EURASIAN LEXICON PART TWO, Post three, by Pasi K Pohjala January 2018 Chinese word TENG notice cane, rattan and branches. It is notable that this closely resembles Old English word TELGUM that in Old English notices branches. We find that in Old English is TELGOR word for a plant, or a shoot; and TELGRA is word for branch, or a shoot, and TELGIAN is to flourish (Bosworth). Notably, usual Finnish word TANKO also is similar; it means various sticks and wooden branches, too; and old Greek word THALLOS is for young shoots, young branches (Liddell Scott). Importantly, FICK Indogermanisches Wb notices DULDAN for treetops, notices OHG word TOLDO and suggests “zu ig. DHEL?” Here appears particularly clear and unmistakable parallel of Old English TELGUM with Chinese TENG word, both meaning twigs and branches. In important Old English dialogue of Solomon and Saturn, we find interesting mention of TELGUM, namely that (progressing old age, YLDO) BEAM HER ABREOTED OND BEBRICED TELGUM ASTYRED STANDENDNE STEFN ON SIDE Thus is noticed how progressing old age YLDO, also breaks sticks and branches. This is actually interesting sentence for early history of Old English, namely here is mentioned BEAM sticks, word that yet appears well recognisable for twenty-first century English speakers; compared with TELGUM that in Old English was yet recognised to mean sticks and branches, but for modern readers has seriously faded into oblivion, actually in all Western Teutonic languages. Actually we find that Old English dialogue of Solomon and Saturn in this manner compares quite many Old English words, presenting numerous word pairs one of which is word yet well recognisable and the other is merely peculiarly obscure Old English word. This feature makes parts of dialogue of Solomon and Saturn actually interesting compendium of serious attempts to revivify and memorise older terminology apparently in times when new important vocabulary was becoming more widely known; we are to find here yet many other statements there written in this schema. In Lindisfarne Gospel translation, the TELGUM only seldom occurs- also this attesting the somewhat archaic character of TELGUM in those times (see Concordance of Albert Cook); the TELGUM is in Lindisfarne translations found in the parable of mustard seed that grew to huge tree in synoptic gospels, thus in Mark 4:32 and Luke 13:19 that TELGUM notices the branches of that huge tree. Also is such word in Lindisfarne translations of Matt 24:32 and Mark 11:8 written, for sticks and tree branches. Thus it is truly notable that in Lindisfarne translations is the TWIGGE word far more usual rendering for RAMUS (see Concordance of Albert Cook)- and apparently, is TWIGGE yet for modern readers quite understandable via usual English TWIG word- although, the TELGUM appears indeed archaic and enigmatic Old English word. Close reading of translation in Lindisfarne Gospels especially emphasise the more archaic nature of its language, writing in Luke 13:19 rendering of that huge tree grown from mustard seed that FLEGENDO HEOFNES GEHRAESTON ON TELGUM HIS thus noticing that birds rested on the branches of that tree (and similarly renders Old English Rushworth Gospel FLEGENDE HEOFNES GI-RESTUN ON TELGUM HIS). Notably, many other Old English Gospel translations here use other word stating HEOFENE FUGELES RESTEN ON HIS BOGEN, that yet is comprehensible also for modern readers) (see the Gospel synopsis for Luke, of W. W. Skeat). This also emphasises the archaic nature of that TELGUM word in Old English- and emphasises its notable similarity with Chinese TENG word. Chinese word TIE notices generally iron, and TIEBAN more specifically notices iron slabs. Thus we compare with Old English word STEAPA that notices steadiness and being firmly fixed. Skeat’s Etymological Dictionary, notices here a staff, and German STAB and Russian STOBORU finding Indogermanic root STEBH; similarly FICK Indogermanisches Wb for STAB steif, fest sein, thus STABA, Stab and notices Anglo Saxon Staef (Stutze, Stab); also notices MHG STABEN starr, staf werden and Indogerman Wurzel STEBH. Similarity with Chinese TIEBAN is here apparent. Iron production was in China very old industry, especially cast iron, whereas in many regions were iron products with hammering on anvil produced by smiths. Such iron staffs and slabs thus are, actually, notorious proceedings of Chinese ancient production of cast iron products, and thus is this terminology especially noteworthy. In Old English Cotton manuscript Gnomes so is found GIM SCEAL ON RINGE STANDAN STEAP AND GEAP It is notable that thus is characters of a metal product, a ring, described, especially there inserted gemstone. Also, dialogues of Solomon and Saturn so write of a gemstone GIM saying NE MAEG HIT STEORRA NE STAN NE SE STEAPA GIMM, WAETER NE WILDEOR WIHTE BESWICAN In Chinese, is word CHUAN one word for boats. Importantly, FICK Indogermanisches Wb notices KEULA for ships, in Anglo Saxon appearing in CEOL form; also Greek GAULOS word for ships is recognised. Indeed, in Anglo Saxon is CEOL word for boat, ship and the keel of a ship (Bosworth), also finding Danish KIOL, Swedish KOL and OHGerman KELA. It is also worth mentioning that Finnish KOUSA notices some smaller boats, too; and in Finnish vocabulary the KEULA rather notices front part of ship. In Exeter Book gnomes, is written how Frisian wife welcomes her sailor from seas to harbour and to home, stating LEOF WILCUMA FRYSAN WIFE DONNE FLOTA STONDED BID HIS CEOL CUMEN AND HYRE CEORL TO HAM AGEN AETGEOFA AND HEO HINE IN LADAD WAESCED HIS WARIG HRAEGL AND HIM SYLED WAEDE NIWE This lively episode from Frisian coastal life is of much importance for culture of Exeter Book. And in Cotton Gnomes, is stated of ship construction that MAEST SCEAL ON CEOLE SEGELGYRD SEOMIAN Notably, in Lindisfarne Gospels Old English translations is CEAWL word rather occurring noticing containers and baskets (see Concordance of Albert Cook), thus is CEAWL written in: Matt 14:20 15:37 16:9 and Mark 6:43 8:8, 20 and Luke 9:17. This word notices also those baskets full of bread gathered after the miracle of loaves of bread and fishes (Mark 8 and parallels Matt 14 and more discussions of that event in Gospels). Scrutiny of Lindisfarne translation in Luke 9 emphasises the more archaic nature of this term in Old English, namely, Lindisfarne translation notices with CEAOLAS TUOELFO the twelve full baskets of bread there gathered, also Rushworth translation thus CEOFLAS TWELFE. But the other Old English Gospel translations in Synopsis of W. W. Skeat, notice those bread baskets otherwise, namely with TWELF KYPAN word. Indeed, really often are Lindisfarne translations rendered in quite other words than later become usual in Old English Gospel translations, and this is feature indeed interesting for language history. We also notice that ship words are in Lindisfarne Gospels written for noticing sea going vessels and boats. One prominent episode noticing boats, is of course the episode of calling of Simon; and the Lindisfarne translation renders that episode with ship words, similarly with other Old English Gospels noticed in Skeat’s Gospel Synopsis of Luke, writing thus HE GESEAH TWA SCIPU STANDENDE WID DAENE MERE (Luke 5:2, of MS I of Synopsis) and similarly are SCYP SCIPU Old English words in these renderings written in Luke 5, so also in the Lindisfarne translation. Thinking activity is interestingly noticed in Cotton Gnomes in statement that: A SCEAL SNOTOR HYCGEAN YMB DYSSE WORULD GEWINN Here is noticed a wise man SNOTOR and his thinking of his well-doing in this world. We find here the Anglo Saxon HOGIAN HYGAN noticing thinking- modern English word indeed being here also similar. This is usual Teutonic word, German noticing denken (and er dunkt mir dass…) and Swedish form tanka. Also Russian DUMAT (to think) appears similar; and in Chinese language we find especially word HUAN for dreams, for imaginary. Also, we notice that in Lindisfarne Gospel translations, the HYCGAN does occur, but more in rendering for omittere, negligere, condemnare (see Concordance Albert Cook); thus the HYCGAN occurring in Luke 11:42, 16:13 and Mat 6:24, 15:3, 20:11, 22:5; in John 5:45, 7:12 and in many other statements. The following is written in the first part of this Eurasian Lexicon: Chinese word ZHAN notices to practise divination, and inquiries (also ZHAO for look for and try to find); notably similar is Russian ZNAT verb for knowing. Anglo-Saxon SNYTTRO is for knowing, and also in Anglo-Saxon are CUNNAN and CANN word for knowing (see Bosworth); and in German is usual verb kennen and kannte. In the Gnomes of Exeter Book we find mention that HYGE SCEAL GEHEALDEN HOND GEWEALDEN SEO SCEAL IN EAGAN SNYTTRO IN BREOSTUM DAER BID DAES MONNES MODGEDONCAS also here is presented the vocabulary of HYCGAN, SNYTTRO and thoughts. One notable difference in vocabulary of Old English Gospel translations is in words noticing thoughts and thinking. We are in this article limiting research only to the Chapters of Luke 5 and Luke 6, and also in these writings such notorious differences clearly are present. The Anglo Saxon word SMEAGAN or SMEAN means to consider, discuss, to ponder (Bosworth & Toller) and form GESMEAGAN more notices to search, consider (Bosworth &Toller). Actually, we find clear comparisons in Teutonic languages, namely in English to mean, meaning, Swedish mena, mening, and German meinen, Meinung. It is truly notable feature of the Lindisfarne translation of Luke 5 and Luke 6 (and of much else) that there is this SMEAGAN really usually written for translating such activities of considering, discussing, pondering and else; and similarly consequently the other translations of Skeat’s Synopsis in such translations write DENCAN (and, importantly, not that SMEAGAN). This is one notorious clear difference in these Old English Gospel translations. Here we in detail study translations of Luke 5 and Luke 6 and thus notice LIN Luke 5:21 ONGUNNUN GESMEAGE WUDUTO, and the others write AGUNNON DENCAN DA BOCERAS (in another chapter of the present article is in more detail scrutinised that translation of scribes with BOCERAS or WUDUTO). The following 5:22 continues DTE ONGAETT SE HAELEND SMAUNGA HIORA…HUAED SMEAS GIE in Lindisfarne, and in others DA SE HAELEND GECNEOW HYRA GEDANCAS…HWAET DENCEGE. In dialogue of Solomon and Saturn, we find mention that AC HIM ON HAND GAED HEARDES OND HNESCES MICLES, MAETES Here is contrasted with HEARD the HNESCE that is usually meaning soft in Anglo Saxon. This is one manifestation of the style of parts of dialogue of Solomon and Saturn, that presents pair of words where one is word quite recognisable also to modern Teutonic languages speaker; but the other word, is far less recognisable. Parts of this dialogue of Solomon and Saturn appear almost a mnemonic poem for keeping remembering such more distant terminology. Here is the more enigmatic word that HNESCE, and in Anglo Saxon it means something soft. Notoriously, in Chinese we find word NEN for tender and delicate, thus clearly in same meaning with this Anglo Saxon HNESCE. This is interesting detail of language history. Also in Lindisfarne translation, is such HNESC written for translating mollis and tener, rarely in Matthew, and now we better notice the Luke 7:25. The Lindisfarne translation and also the others in Skeat’s Synopsis write this for noticing quality of clothes stating MONNO HNESCUM GEWOEDUM GEGEARUAD (thus LIN)- “But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft garments?” (KJV) in translating the response to followers of John the Baptist. The HNESCE is written also in Lindisfarne translation of Matt 11:8 synoptic parallel to this. Notoriously, the HNESC is here softness of clothes especially, well relevant also for Chinese NEN. Here it is worth remembering that silk and clithes were one important part of Chinese culture known far in the west too. Here written MICLES, MAETES is also interesting. Namely, Old English MAETE word notices often small, it notices measures, degrees and ranks, and proportions (see Bosworth &Toller) and similarly OHGerman SMAHI for small, and Swedish sma word. Also Russian MALENKI word is for small. FICK Indogermanisches Wb notices SMEHA and SMEHIA gering klein and Indogermanic SMEK SMAK. The Chinese MANG notices much. Notoriously, Swedish manga is for many and very resembling Russian MNOGA (many) and Finnish MONTA MONI MONTAKO; also the English MANY is notable here. In dialogue of Solomon and Saturn we find mention that old age also HEO OFERSTIGED STYLE HIO ABITED IREN MID OME In the times of Anglo Saxon societies, iron and steel metals were of central importance and in much use, of prominent importance in the society. This is interesting mention of steel and iron, and description how old age can have destructive impact even on these very strong substances, steel and iron. Here is noticed how old age can bite iron with rust. Such phenomenon is of course known, and in earlier times proceeding rust upon strong iron devices, surely was of much notice and debate. In Anglo Saxon vocabulary, OM notices rust and OMIG is for rusty (Bosworth &Toller). For mould, Skeat’s etymological dictionary notices more Teutonic MAILOM, although root unknown. Notoriously, Finnish word HOME is for mould (Finnish home word is not used at all in meanings typical to the usual English word home)- such growth upon surfaces, and upon alimentation eg. loaves of bread; and clearly is such HOME quite similar with Anglo Saxon OM for rust; in their style of appearance upon surfaces, are rust and mould actually quite resembling. Chinese WU is word for dirt and WUNI is for mud and mirth- these are clearly much resembling the OM and Fin HOME. It is to be remembered that also Chinese culture was specialist producer of metals, also iron and high quality steel products, so that these comparisons of metal culture and vocabulary, are relevant. Writing of old age

No comments: